简介:目的:探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS,简称艾滋病)发生视乳头病变的类型及其与CD4^+T淋巴细胞的关系。方法:回顾分析107例(214眼)艾滋病患者经眼底彩照及眼底荧光血管造影(fluoresceinangiography,FFA)检查确诊的视乳头病变患者,统计AIDS性视乳头病变的发生率及病变类型以及与CD^+T淋巴细胞数之间的关系。结果:107例(214跟)AIDS患者发生视乳头病变71眼,占33.2%;其中,前段缺血性视神经病变30眼,占42.2%(30/71);视盘水肿12眼,占16.9%(12/71);无体征性视神经病变29眼,占40.8%(29/71)。CD4^+T淋巴细胞≤50个/μ发生视乳头病变59眼,未发生视乳头病变75眼,发病率44.0%(59/134);CD^4+T淋巴细胞≥51个/μL发生视乳头病变12眼,未发生视乳头病变68眼,发病率15.0%(12/80)。经双侧检测统计:χ^2=19.042,P=0.000。说明组间具有显著差异性。结论:AIDS视乳头病变的类型呈多样性,且CD^4+T淋巴细胞数越少,发生视乳头病变的几率越大。
简介:AIM:ToinvestigatetheregulationofEaf2proteininmouselenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultraviolet(UV)radiation.METHODS:AneyeofEaf2geneknockoutmiceornormalcontrolmicewasexposedtoUVradiation,andtheotheronewasnon-exposed.AlloflenseswereanalyzedbyTUNELandcaspase3activityassaystodeterminethedifferenceoftheapoptosisinducedbyUVradiation.Inaddition,exposedandnon-exposedlenseswereanalyzedbyquantifiedp53expressionandreal-timereversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)ofBax,Bid,Apaf-1,PumaandNoxa,tocompareEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.RESULTS:UVradiationcausedapoptosisoflenscellsinnormalcontrolmiceandEaf2knockoutmice.Activityofcaspase3wassignificantlyhigherinnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2knockoutmice.Expressionofp53proteinwassignificantlyhigherinlensesexposedtoUVradiationthannonexposedlenses,butwassimilarbetweenEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmiceinthesameUVcondition.AfterexposingtoUVradiation,theanalysisofreal-timeRT-PCRdemonstratedthatmRNAlevelsofPumaandNoxaweresignificantlyhigherinlensesofnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2geneknockoutmice,andthatmRNAlevelsofBax,BidandApaf-1werenotsignificantlydifferentbetweengeneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.CONCLUSION:Eaf2increaseslenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultravioletradiation.AndEaf2up-regulatesexpressionofthePumaandtheNoxatoactonlenscellsapoptosisafterUVradiation.
简介:·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·
简介:目的构建肺炎链球菌自溶素(pneumococcalautolysin,LytA)核酸疫苗,并研究其免疫原性。方法采用聚合酶链反应方法从肺炎链球菌基因组中克隆肺炎链球菌自溶素基因,然后将该基因插入到pVAX1真核表达载体中,构建表达LytA的重组质粒,制备成超螺旋比例大于90%的核酸疫苗。实验组:BALB/c小鼠5只,对其分3次肌内注射核酸疫苗(100μg);对照组:BALB/c小鼠5只,肌内注射pVAX1空载体(100μg)3次。分别采集小鼠血清,采用间接酶联免疫吸附方法测定血清LytA特异性抗体水平。结果扩增出的LytA基因(957bp)与基因库中LytA的编码序列(957bp)一致。成功构建了LytA核酸疫苗。实验组小鼠的血清LytA抗体水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论成功克隆了LytA基因,制备了LytA核酸疫苗,后者可在小鼠体内诱导较强的特异性体液免疫反应。
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatethediffusioncharacteristicsofwaterofopticnerveandopticradiationinhealthyadultsanditsrelatedfactorsbydiffusiontensorimaging(DTI)at3T.METHODS:Atotalof107healthyvolunteersperformedheadconventionalMRIandbilateralopticnerveandopticradiationDTI.TheprimarydataofDTIwasprocessedbypost-processingsoftwareofDTIstudio2.3,obtainingfractionalanisotropyvalue,meandiffusivityvalue,principalenginevalue,orthogonalenginevaluebymeasuring,andanalyzedbytheSPSS13.0statisticalsoftware.RESULTS:Thebilateralopticnerveandopticradiationfiberspresentedgreencolorindirectionalencodedcolor(DEC)mapsandpresentedhighsignalinfractionalanisotropy(FA)maps.TheFAvalueoftheleftopticnervewas0.598±0.069andtherightwas0.593±0.065;themeandiffusivity(MD)valueoftheleftopticnervewas(1.324±0.349)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(1.312±0.350)x10-3mm2/s;theprincipalenginevalue(λ?)oftheleftopticnervewas(2.297±0.522)×10-4mm2/sandtherightwas(2.277±0.526)×10-3mm2/s;theorthogonalenginevalue(λ⊥)oftheleftopticnervewas(0.838±0.285)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.830±0.280)×10-3mm2/s;theFAvalueoftheleftopticradiationwas0.636±0.057andtherightwas0.628±0.056;themeandiffusivity(MD)valueoftheleftopticradiationwas(0.907±0.103)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.889±0.125)×10-3mm2/s;theprincipaleigenvalue(λⅡ)oftheleftopticradiationwas(1.655±0.210)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(1.614±0.171)×10-3mn2/s;theorthogonalenginvalue(λ⊥)oftheleftopticradiationwas(0.531±0.103)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.524±0.152)×10-3m
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.
简介:目的本文报道了12例同时性多灶性喉癌并通过分析其临床病理学特点,探讨多灶性喉癌的发生学来源.方法回顾性分析1991~2001年间我院行全喉切除术的12例同时性多灶性喉癌的TNM分期、肿瘤位置、大小、组织学类型、病理学分级以及病史等.结果同时性多灶性喉癌的发病率是1.4%(12/861).所有病理均为鳞状细胞癌.同一病例各病灶的组织学类型和病理学分级均相同.二病灶喉癌的发生率占总数的91.7%(11/12),仅一例为三病灶喉癌、67%(8/12)患者中二病灶分别位于双声带游离缘的对应处.3例(25%)有术前放疗史,1例术前曾行多次声带活检为不典型增生.所有病例术前均未诊断出多灶性.结论声门型同时性多灶性喉癌可能为单中心起源.腔内种植即声带振动时癌细胞从一侧声带游离缘种植到对侧接触损伤处,可能是喉癌多灶性的原因之一,放疗可能是多灶性喉癌的诱发因素.
简介:目的分析4例儿童功能性失明病例,探讨其诊断与治疗。方法回顾分析门诊诊断为功能性失明的患者4例,其中男性1例,女性3例,年龄7—13岁,均为双眼患病。病史1周至1年。所有患儿均诉说视力下降,视力从数指至0.1,2例伴视野缺损。眼部、神经影像学及眼电生理检查均阴性,诊断为功能性失明。结果与家长及患儿解释不存在器质病变,视功能可以完全恢复,并辅以非特殊安慰剂治疗后,3例在2d内视力恢复到1.0,1例1周后视力恢复到1.0,视野扩大至正常。结论诊断功能性失明需排除眼及神经系统的器质性疾病。儿童功能性失明预后好。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2008,8:21—23)
简介:目的:评价羊膜移植几种手术方法治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法:对18例大泡性角膜病变患者,分别采取角膜层间烧烙术、新鲜羊膜移植术、角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植手术。结果:18例大泡性角膜病变患者,术后1~5d疼痛消失,7~12d角膜上皮修复,7~21d后羊膜植片常规溶解。角膜层间烧烙术1眼、新鲜羊膜移植术3眼术后1~2mo再次出现角膜大泡及角膜刺激症状而再次手术。角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植术,术后当天疼痛消失,14d角膜上皮光滑,角膜大泡消失。随访6~18mo无1例复发,部分患者视力有不同程度的提高。结论:角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植对大泡性角膜病变具有明显的治疗效果.