简介：BACKGROUND:Conventionalmethods(suchasocclusiontherapy,finemanipulation,complementary,andalternativemedicine)takeeffectsslowly,aretimeandlaborconsuming,andhaveuncertaincurativeeffectsinthetreatmentofamblyopia.Perceptuallearning,anewmethodfortreatingamblyopia,improvestheabilitytoprocesssignalsfromthecerebralopticnervesystembyspecificvisualstimulationandvisuallearning,aswellasactivationofthevisualsignalpathwayutilizingbrainnervoussystemplasticity.OBJECTIVE:Thisstudyinvestigatedandevaluatedthecurativeeffectsofperceptuallearning,whichcandirectionallyincreasebrainplasticity,onthetreatmentofamblyopiainchildren.Therelationshipbetweencurativeeffectandtimewasalsoanalyzed.DESIGN:Aself-controlexperiment.SETTING:VisualScienceandOptometryCenter,People'sHospitalofGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof125amblyopicchildren(250amblyopiceyes),73males,52females,averaging(6±2)yearsofage,receivedtreatmentattheVisualScienceandOptometryCenter,People'sHospitalofGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionbetweenSeptember2006andFebruary2007andwererecruitedforthisstudy.Allchildrenpresentedwithnostructuraldiseaseoftheeyeballs.Writteninformedconsentfortherapeuticregimentswasobtainedfromeachchild'sparent.TheprotocolreceivedapprovalfromtheHospital'sEthicsCommittee.METHODS:Visualfunctionwastestedwithaperceptuallearningsystem(ResearchCenterforHumanHealthandDevelopmentofSunYat-senUniversity,NationalEngineeringTechniqueResearchCenterforMedicalCareImplement)forvisualnoise,positionnoise,contourdiscrimination,contrastsensitivity,gratingstereogram,andrandom-dotfusion.Thesetestshelpedtoevaluatetheefficiencyofvisualinformationprocessingofthesechildren,andtodeterminethedegreeofdefectsoftheopticnervecellsandtheconnectionsofvisualcorticalneurons.Accordingtoresultsofvisualfunct

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简介：Severalstudieshavedemonstratedthattheamountofbeta-amyloid(Aβ)proteininthebraincanbeloweredbydown-regulatingAβproduction,promotingAβdegradation,reducingAβoligomerizationordeposition,therebyalleviatingsymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.Curcuminhasbeenknowntobeaperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgamma(PPARγ)agonistandcanobviouslyinhibitAβproductionandoligomerization.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectsofcurcuminontheβ-siteAPPcleavingenzyme1(BACE1)activityandPPARγexpressioninhumanneuroblastomaSH-SY5Ycells,andvalidatedtheinhibitoryeffectsofcurcuminonAβ40/42expressioninthebrain.ResultsrevealedthatPPARγmRNAandproteinexpressioninthehumanneuroblastomaSH-SY5Ycellssignificantlyincreasedwithincreasingcurcuminconcentrationandtimecourse(P<0.05);BACE1mRNAandproteinexpressionandAβ40/42productionsignificantlydecreasedwithincreasingcurcuminconcentrationandtimecourse(P<0.05).ThechangesinPPARγandBACE1expressionduringAβproductioncouldbereversedbythePPARγantagonistGW9662.ThesefindingsindicatethatcurcuminreducedAβproductionbyactivatingPPARγexpressionandinhibitingBACE1expressioninaconcentration-andtime-dependentmanner.

简介：BACKGROUND:Alpha-actinin(α-actinin)playsakeyroleinneuronalgrowthconemigrationduringdirectionaldifferentiationfromneuralstemcells(NSCs)toneurons.OBJECTIVE:Todetectinsitumicrodistributionandquantitativeexpressionofα-actininduringdirectionaldifferentiationofNSCstoneuronsinthetemporallobecerebralcortexofneonatalrats.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:BetweenJanuary2006andDecember2008,cultureanddirectionaldifferentiationofNSCswereperformedatDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,PreclinicalMedicalCollege,ChinaMedicalUniversity.ImmuneelectronmicroscopywasperformedatDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryologyandDepartmentofElectronMicrology,PreclinicalMedicalCollege,ChinaMedicalUniversity.SpectrumanalysiswasperformedatLaboratoryofElectronMicroscopy,MentalResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofSciences.MATERIALS:Basicfibroblastgrowthfactor,epidermalgrowthfactor,brain-derivednervegrowthfactor,type-1insulinlikegrowthfactor,andα-actininantibodywereprovidedbyGibcoBRL,USA;rabbit-anti-ratnestinmonoclonalantibody,rabbit-anti-ratneuronspecificenolasepolyclonalantibody,andEDAX-9100energydispersiveX-rayanalysiswereprovidedbyPHILIPSCompany,Netherlands.METHODS:NSCs,followingprimaryandpassageculture,weredifferentiatedwithserumculturemedium(DMEM/F_(12)+10%fetalbovineserum+2ng/mLbrain-derivednervegrowthfactor+2ng/mLtype-1insulinlikegrowthfactor).MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Expressionofα-actinininneuron-likecellswasquantitativelyandqualitativelydetectedwithimmunocytochemistryusingenergydispersiveX-rayanalysis.RESULTS:Immunocytochemistry,combinedwithelectronmicroscopy,indicatedthatpositiveα-actininexpressionwaslikeaspheroidparticlewithhighelectrondensity.Inaddition,theexpressionwasgraduallyconcentratedfromthenuclearedgetothecytoplasmandexpandedintodevelopingneurites,duringdifferentiationofneuralstemcellstoneurons.Conversely,energydispersive