简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectoffamilytherapyonprognosisofpatientswithschizophrenis.Method200patientsafterdischargingfromhospitalwererandomlydividedintotwogroups:controlgroup(n=100)andexperimentgroup(n=100).Familytherapywasactualizedinpatientsofexperimentgroup.ResultsTherewassignificantdifferenceinpercentofrecurrenceratebetweencontrolgroup(38%)andexperimentgroup(18%,P<0.05).ConclusionFamilytherapymaydecreaserecurrencerateofschizophrenicafterdischargingfromhospital.

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简介：Cancertreatmentssuchaschemotherapyandradiotherapyarewidelyusedtotreatprimaryandmetastaticcancers.Epidemiologicalstudieshavedemonstratedthatthesetypesoftreatmentcaneffectivelyandsuccessfullyextendthelifespanofcancerpatients,buttheyarealso

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简介：Themanagementofneurologicaldisordershavehugeandincreasinghumanandeconomiccosts.Despitethis,thereisascarcityofeffectivetherapeutics,andthereisanextremeurgencyfornewandrealtreatments.Inthisshortreviewweanalyzesomepromisingadvancementsinthesearchofnewbioactivemoleculestargetingneuronalnitricoxidesynthase(nNOS),anenzymedeputedtothebiosynthesisofnitricoxide(NO).Indifferentconditionsofneuronaldamages,thismoleculeisoverproduced,contributingtothepathogenesisandprogressionofneuronaldiseases.TwomainapproachestomodulatenNOSarediscussed:afirstoneconsistinginthedirectinhibitionoftheenzymebymeansofsmallorganicmolecules,whichcanbealsoactiveagainstotherdifferenttargetsinvolvedinsuchdiseases.AsecondsectionisdedicatedtomoleculesabletopreventtheformationoftheternarycomplexN-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-typeglutamatereceptors,postsynapticdensity-95(PSD95)protein-nNOS,whichisnecessarytoactivatethelatterforthebiosynthesisofNO.

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简介：Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.

简介：Tinnitus,thephenomenonofringingorbuzzingintheearswithoutanexternalsoundsourceisoneofthemostcommonlyreportedsymptomsinotorhinolaryngologyandaffects10–15%ofthegeneralpopulation.Modelshavebeendevelopedtoaccountforneuralbasisoftinnitus,itspathogenesisanditsconsequencesonmentalhealth(deRidderetal.,2013).Inmostcasestinnitusonsetfollowsapartialhearingimpairment.Peripheralsensorydeprivationduetocochleardamages

简介：BACKGROUND:ResearchesindicatethatpatientswithWilsondisease(WD)haveabnormalskeletalmetabolism,whichisinducedbyvariousfactors.OBJECTIVE:ToprobeintothechangingcharacteristicsofabnormalskeletalmetabolisminWDpatientsandobservetheeffectofdecoppertherapy.DESIGN:Case-contrastandself-controlstudy.SETTING:DepartmentofNeurology,AffiliatedHospitalofNeurologicalInstitute,AnhuiCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicine.PARTICIPANTS:Atotalof35patientswithWDincluding21malesand14femalesagedfrom10to42yearswiththemeanageof(20±8)yearswereselectedfromDepartmentofNeurology,AffiliatedHospitalofNeurologicalInstitute,AnhuiCollegeofTraditionalChineseMedicinefromSeptember2000toFebruary2001.Allthepatientswereincompliancewiththediagnosticcriteria:historyoffamilyheredity;conesymptomsinvitro,physicalsignorliversymptoms;positiveKayser-Fleischerring;serumcopperprotein＜200mg/LorAcopperoxidase＜0.2;urinecopper＞1.6μmol/24hours;livercopper＞250μg/g(dryweight).Thecontrolgroupwasselectedfrom25casesofhealthindividualsincluding13malesand12femalesagedfrom16to35yearswiththemeanageof(22±6)years.Allpatientswhoparticipatedinthestudywereinformedfirstandconsented.METHODS:Patientsintreatmentgroupweretreatedwithvenousinjectionof1.0gsodiumdimercaptosulfonate,onceadayfortotally6successivedays.Andthen,patientsrestedfor2days.Thisprocedurementionedabovewasregardedasacourse,andthetreatmentlastedfor4-8courses.Beforeandafterinjectionofsodiumdimercaptosulfonate,serumcalcitonin(CT),osteocalcin(BGP),parathyroidhormone(PTH)and1,25-(OH)2VitD3weremeasuredwithradio-immunitymethod:blood,urinecalcium,phosphorumandurinecreatinineweremeasuredwithbiochemicalanalyzer;urinedihydropyrimidinedehydrogenase(DPD)wasdetectedwithenzyme-immunitymethod;bonemineraldensity(BMD)wascheckedattheonethirdfromdistalendofulnaandradiuswithsingle

简介：Peripheralnerveinjuries(PNI)areamajorclinicalproblem.Ingeneral,PNIresultsfrommotorvehicleaccidents,lacerationswithsharpobjects,penetratingtrauma(gunshotwounds)andstretchingorcrushingtraumaandfractures.ItisestimatedthatPNIoccurin2.8%oftraumapatientsandthisnumberreaches5%ifplexusandrootlesionsarein-

简介：Overthepastdecade,nineseparategenetherapyclinicaltrialsforadvancedParkinson’sdisease(PD)havebeenlaunchedandcompleted,involvingthedosingofnearly12-dozenPDvolunteerswhoincurredsignificantriskstohopefullyreducesymptomsand

简介：Inthisstudy,ratswereputintotraumaticbraininjury-inducedcomaandtreatedwithmediannerveelectricalstimulation.Weexploredthewake-promotingeffect,andpossiblemechanisms,ofmediannerveelectricalstimulation.Electricalstimulationupregulatedtheexpressionlevelsoforexin-AanditsreceptorOX1Rintheratprefrontalcortex.Orexin-Aexpressiongraduallyincreasedwithincreasingstimulation,whileOX1Rexpressionreachedapeakat12hoursandthendecreased.Inaddition,aftertheOX1Rantagonist,SB334867,wasinjectedintothebrainofratsaftertraumaticbraininjury,fewerratswererestoredtoconsciousness,andorexin-AandOXIRexpressionintheprefrontalcortexwasdownregulated.Ourfindingsindicatethatmediannerveelectricalstimulationinducedanup-regulationoforexin-AandOX1Rexpressionintheprefrontalcortexoftraumaticbraininjury-inducedcomarats,whichmaybeapotentialmechanisminvolvedinthewake-promotingeffectsofmediannerveelectricalstimulation.

简介：BACKGROUND:GenetherapyforParkinson'sdiseaseisbeingexploredasaneffectivestrategytorestoreandprotectthefunctionofneuronalcellsinthesubstantianigra.Regulationofgeneexpressionisnecessaryforgenetherapytoavoidadverseeffectsduetoexcessivesynthesisoftransgeneproducts.OBJECTIVE:Herewedevelopedrecombinantadeno-associatedvirus(AAV)asaviralvector-mediatedgeneregulationsystembasedonCrerecombinasefusedtothemutatedligand-bindingdomainoftheestrogenreceptor(CreERT2)+inducingagenttamoxifen.InducibleCrerecombinasewasusedtoreducetyrosinehydroxylasegeneexpressionandtopreventtheexcessiveincreaseindopamine.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Ageneticengineeringinvitrocomparativestudyandrandomizedcontrolledanimalexperiment.ThisstudywasconductedattheGeneTherapyCenter,JichiMedicalSchool,JapanfromJune2002toJune2004.METHODS:ToconstructarecombinantAAVvectorcarryingadopaminesynthasegene.ThetyrosinehydroxylasegenewasinsertedusingaloxPfragmentthatcouldberegulatedbyCrerecombinase.TherecombinantAAVvectorcarryingtheCreERT2genewasco-transducedwithHEK293cellsandthecorpusstriatuminaratmodelofParkinson'sdisease,withinducingagenttamoxifentoregulategeneexpression.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ThelevelsofdopamineandaromaticL-aminoaciddecarboxylase(AADC)activityweredetectedinHEK293cellmediumandinthecorpusstriatuminaratmodelofParkinson'sdiseaseusinghigh-performanceliquidchromatography.ImmunofluorescencedoublestainingwasusedtoobservetyrosinehydroxylaseandCreorAADCco-expressioninHEK293cellmedium.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtoobservetyrosinehydroxylaseandAADCexpressionandbehavioralchangesweremeasuredinParkinson'srats.RESULTS:TransfectedAAV-CreERT2andAAVexpressingdopaminesynthesisenzymescouldincreasethesynthesisofdopamineinHEK293mediumandParkinson'sratstriatum(P<0.01)andimprovetherotationalbehaviorofParkin

简介：BACKGROUND:Theuseofacupuncturehasreceivedrecognitiontoeffectivelytreatcerebralpalsy.Moreover,musictherapycanbeusedtomodifytreatmentofcerebralpalsy.OBJECTIVE:Tostudytheeffectsofcombinedtreatmentusingacupunctureandmusictherapyongrossmotorfunctionmeasure(GMFM)ofchildrenwithcerebralpalsy,comparedwithacupuncturetreatmentalone.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Randomized,controlled,clinicalstudy.TheexperimentwasconductedinShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicinebetweenJanuary2007andSeptember2007.PARTICIPANTS:AllchildrenwithcerebralpalsyinthetrialwerefromtheoutpatientdepartmentofShenzhenHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Thechildrenwererandomlydividedintotwogroups:30childreninGroupBreceivedacupunctureandmusictherapy,while30childreninGroupAreceivedonlyacupuncturetherapy.METHODS:SubjectsinGroupsAandBreceivedacupuncturebasedonsyndromedifferentiation.Themainacupointswerenecessaryforallparticipants.Atfirst,flashneedlingwasappliedtotheacupoints.Fortheremainingacupoints,thetechniqueoftransverseneedlingwasappliedtotheheadacupoints,andperpendicularneedlingwasusedfortheotherpoints.Theinsertedneedlesweretwirledandthenmaintainedfor30minutes.Theneedlewastwirledforonesecondeveryother10minutes,withoutreinforcing-reducingtechniques.Thetherapywasperformedeveryotherday.Thetrialconsistedofthreeperiodseach,andlastedfor84days.SubjectsinGroupBreceivedmusictherapy.Theylistenedtomusicthattheypreferredwhileacupuncturewasbeingperformed.Followingacupuncture,theywereallowedtoperformmusicalactivities,suchaspercussion,singing,anddancing.Themusictherapywasscheduledforonehour,includinglisteningtomusicfor30minutesandmusicactivitiesfor30minutes.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ThecomprehensivefunctionalevaluationscaleofcerebralpalsyandtheGMFMwereappliedtotestsymptomsbeforeand

简介：Traumaticinjuriestospinalcordelicitdiversesignalingpathwaysleadingtounselectiveandcomplexpathologicaloutcomes:deathofmultipleclassesofneuralcells,formationofcysticcavitiesandglialscars,disruptionofaxonalconnections,anddemyelinationofsparedaxons,allofwhichcancontributemoreorlesstodebilitatingfunctionalimpairmentsfoundinpatientswithspinal

简介：BACKGROUND:ItisknownthatacupuncturetherapycandecreaseplasmaneuropeptideY(NPY)levelsinpatientswithcerebralinfarction,butdifferenttypesofacupuncturetherapyusedinvariousstagesofcerebralinfarctionhavenotbeenevaluated.OBJECTIVE:Toexploretheeffectofacupuncturetherapyonresuscitation(XingnaoKaiqiao)andplasmaNPYlevelsinpatientswithveryearlystageacutecerebralinfarction.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Thiscase-controlledstudywasperformedattheAffiliatedHospitaloftheMedicalCollegeoftheChinesePeople'sArmedPoliceForcebetweenSeptember2004andOctober2005.PARTICIPANTS:Sixtypatientswithacutecerebralinfarctionof≤6hourswereusedinthisstudy.Patientswererandomlydividedintoanacupuncturetherapygroup(n=30)andaroutinetreatmentgroup(n=30).Another30healthysubjectswereusedasthecontrolgroup.METHODS:TheacupuncturetherapyofXingnaoKaiqiaousedintheacupuncturetherapygroupwasbasedonroutinewesternmedicaltreatmentandwasperformedatbilateralNeiguan(PC6)usingthetwirling,reinforcing-reducingmethod,Renzhong(DU26)usingheavybird-peckingneedling,Sanyinjiao(SP6)usingreinforcingandreducingbyliftingandthrustingtheneedle,Jiquan(HT1),Weizhong(BL40)andChize(LU5)usingreinforcingandreducingbyliftingandthrustingtheneedle.Theacupuncturelastedfor14days.Patientsintheroutinetreatmentgroupunderwentroutinemedicaltreatmentandnointerventionwasgiventosubjectsinthecontrolgroup.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:A4mLvenousbloodsamplewasobtainedatdifferenttimepoints,i.e.,immediatelyafterhospitalization,thenextmorning,7and14daysaftertreatment,tomeasureplasmaNPYlevelspre-andpost-treatmentusingtheradio-immunitymethod.RESULTS:TheplasmaNPYlevelsweresignificantlyhigherinboththeroutinetreatmentgroupandtheacupuncturetherapygroupthaninthecontrolgrouppre-andpost-treatment(P<0.01).Inparticular,theplasmaNPYlevelsinboththeacupuncturetherapygroupa