简介：Gastrointestinal(GI)cancerisoneofthemostcommoncausesofcancer-relateddeathsworldwide.Tumormarkersarevaluableindetectingpost-surgicalrecurrenceorinmonitoringresponsetochemotherapy.PyruvatekinaseisoformM2(PKM2),aglycolyticenzymecatalyzingconversionofphosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)topyruvate,confersagrowthadvantagetothetumorcellsandenablesthemtoadapttothetumormicroenvironment.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedcurrentresearchontheexpressionandregulationofPKM2intumorcells,anditspotentialroleinGIcarcinogenesisandprogression.Furthermore,wehavealsodiscussedthepotentialofPKM2asadiagnosticandscreeningmarker,andatherapeutictargetinGIcancer.

简介：Inthecomingyearslifeexpectancyisexpectedtoincreaseandwiththisthepercentageofthepopulationaboveage65willgrow.Patientsabove65makeupmorethantwothirdsofthosecurrentlydiagnosedwithgastrointestinalmalignancies.Availableevidencebasedmedicinedoesnotfocusontheaveragepatient,abovetheage70,encounteredineverydaypractice.Mostguidelinesandclinicaltrialsarenotdesignedtotakeintoaccountthespecialconsiderationsneededwhentreatingtheelderlysuchasfunctionalstatus,comorbidities,polypharmacy,lifeexpectancy,andsocialsupport.Themajorityofavailabledataisbasedonretrospectivereviewsorsubsetanalysesoflargerstudieswheretheelderlyrepresentafractionofthestudiedpopulation.Thisreviewfocusesonthetoxicitiesandtolerabilityofcurrentstandardtherapiesfornoncolorectalgastrointestinalmalignancies,includinggastroesophageal,pancreatic,bileductandhepatocellularcancersintheelderly.Withcarefulpatientselectionandgeriatricassessmenttheelderlycansafelybenefitfromstandardtherapiesofferedtoyoungerpatients.

简介：客观直到最近胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意)与另外的间充质的瘤被分开了；作为一个特殊实体分类。肿瘤房间的形态学；免疫有CD117的组织化学的调查结果在大意的病理学的诊断是关键的。最新发达的药imatinibmesylate(先前叫的STI571)为大意被证明有效。大意的区别；另外的间充质的肿瘤有大临床的意义，特别为位于直肠肛门的损害。作者寻找了北京大学的数据库的方法，为有肛门直肠的瘤的病人的肿瘤学的学校从1995年1月对待到2002年6月。有肛门直肠的间充质的肿瘤的12个病人的信息是镇定的。病人被重新估计；与临床的数据根据电流讨论了大意的标准；免疫组织化学的调查结果。结果六个病人(包括3男性)最后作为肛门直肠的大意被诊断。那些病人的中部的年龄是59.5年(27～69)。症状不是特定的。有平滑肌瘤或平滑肌肉瘤的原来的诊断的三个盒子实际上是大意。六肛门直肠的大意的一个总数被发现作为在一样的时期与肛门直肠的瘤包括大约1.06%病人。除CD117以外，CD34；vimentin也在这些病人的多数被表示。六个病人中的五个经历了其一在切除术前收到了neoadjuvant化疗的外科的切除术。结论肛门直肠的大意应该用当前的诊断标准被看作一个特殊实体。外科的切除术仍然是主要治疗学的策略。Neoadjuvantimatinibmesylate可能在括约肌圆材操作是有用的；为这些病人的生命的质量的改进。

简介：Inordertofurtherpromotethestandardizationofdiagnosisandtreatmentofgastrointestinalstromaltumor(GIST)inChina,themembersofChineseSocietyofClinicalOncology(CSCO)ExpertCommitteeonGISTthoroughlydiscussedthekeycontentsoftheconsensusguidelines,andvotedonthecontroversialissue.Infinal,theChineseconsensusguidelinesforthediagnosisandmanagementofGIST(2017edition)wasformedonthebasisof2013editionconsensusguidelines,whichisherebyannounced.Theconsensusincludedthepathologicaldiagnosis,recurrenceriskclassificationevaluation,targetedagenttherapy,surgeryandprinciplesofsurveillanceofGIST.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheefficacyandfeasibilityofscreeningprocedureforuppergastrointestinalcancerinbothhigh-riskandnon-high-riskareasinChina.Setting:Sevencities/counties,representingthreeeconomical-geographicalregions(Eastern,CentralandWestern)inChina,wereselectedasscreeningcenters:threeinhigh-riskareasandfourinnon-high-riskareas.Participants:Villages/communitiesinthesesevencentersregardedasclusterswererandomlyassignedtoeitherinterventiongroup(screeningbyendoscopicexamination)orcontrolgroup(withnormalcommunitycare)ina1:1ratiostratifiedbyeachcenter.Eligibleparticipantsarelocalresidentsaged40–69yearsintheselectedvillages/communitieswithnohistoryofcancerorendoscopicexaminationinthelatest3yearswhoarementallyandphysicallycompetent.Thosewhoarenotwillingtotakeendoscopicexaminationorareunwillingtosigntheconsentformareexcludedfromthestudy.Totally140,000participantswillbeenrolled.Interventions:Inhigh-riskareasofuppergastrointestinalcancer,allsubjectsinscreeninggroupwillbescreenedbyendoscopy.Innon-high-riskareas,30%ofthesubjectsinscreeninggroup,identifiedthroughasurvey,willbescreenedbyendoscopy.Primaryandsecondaryoutcomemeasures:Theprimaryoutcomeisthemortalitycausedbyuppergastrointestinalcancer.Thesecondaryoutcomesincludedetectionrate,incidencerate,survivalrate,andclinicalstagedistribution.Additionaldataonqualityoflifeandcost-effectivenesswillalsobecollectedtoanswerimportantquestionsregardingscreeningeffects.Conclusions:ScreeningstrategyevaluatedinthoseareaswithpositivefindingsmaybepromotednationallyandappliedtothemajorityofChinesepeople.Ontheotherhand,negativefindingswillprovidescientificevidenceforabandoningatestandshiftingresourceselsewhere.Trialregistration:ThestudyhasbeenregisteredwiththeProtocolRegistrationSysteminChineseClinicalTrialRegistry.

简介：

简介：Objective:Toanalyzetheclinicopathologiccharacteristicsandprognosticfactorsofsmallgastrointestinalstromaltumor(GIST)ofthestomach.Methods:Atotalof31smallgastricGISTpatients,including10malesand21females,withamedianageof58years(37-81years),whounderwentsurgeryatanytimefrom1999to2012wereincludedinthisstudy.Theclinicalrecordsofthepatientswereanalyzedretrospectively.Results:Abdominaldiscomfortandpain(10cases,32.3%,respectively)werethetwomostcommoncomplaintsamongthepatients.Allpatientsreceivedsurgery,11receivedgastricwedgeresection,11receivedsubtotalgastrectomy,5receivedlaparoscopicgastricwedgeresection,and4receivedendoscopicsubmucosaldissection.Nosevereadversecomplicationwasobserved.Atotalof29patients(93.5%)werefollowedup.Duringthefollow-up,2patientswerefoundtoexhibittumorrecurrence,and1patienthadlivermetastases.Onepatientdiedoftumorprogression,whileanotherdiedofanothermalignanttumor.Medianprogressionfreesurvival(PFS)timewas120.3months,andmedianoverallsurvival(OS)timewas130.4months.Conclusion:SmallgastricGISThasbetterprognosis.Surgeryisthebestchoicefortherapy.Micro-invasiveproceduresaresafeandeffectiveforelectivepatients.Tumornecrosis,tumorbleeding,andmuscleinvasionarepotentialprognosticfactorsofsmallgastricGIST.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatetheexpressionofE2FandBcl-2andtheclinicopathologicalsignificanceinhepatocellularcarcinoma.Methods:TheexpressionsofE2F-3andBcl-2in74patientswithhepaticcarcinoma,paracarcinomaand15patientswithlivercirrhosisweredetectedbyS-Pimmunohistochemicalstaining.Results:TheexpressionofE2Finhepaticcarcinomawassignificantlyhigherthanthatinparacarcinomaorlivercirrhosis(P<0.005),theexpressionofBcl-2inhepaticcarcinomawassignificantlyhigherthanthatinparacarcinoma(P<0.005),inwhichBcl-2expressionwaslowerthaninlivercirrhosis(P<0.05).TheexpressionofE2F-3wasrelatedwithhistologicalgrade,tumorsize,andtheexpressionofBcl-2wasrelatedwithhistologicalgrade,tumorsizeandtumornumber.TherewascorrelationbetweentheexpressionofE2F-3andBcl-2inhepaticcarcinoma.Conclusion:E2F-3andBcl-2expressionmayplayanimportantroleindevelopment,progressionandcellapoptosisoftumor.

简介：Glia.2008Jul9.Four-and-a-half-LIMprotein2(FHL2)isamemberofFHLproteinfamily,whichplaysacrucialroleinregulatinggeneexpression,cellsurvival,andmigration.Althoughitsfunctioninoncogenesisappearstobetumortype-specific,itsrolesin

简介：本文报道观察了胆管癌患者与肝胆管结石患者手术前及术后第七天血浆血栓素A2和前列环素的变化，结果表明胆管癌患者血浆血栓素A2和前列环素均明显升高，血栓素A2/前列环素比值明显增大，与肝胆管结石组比较有显著差别；术后则明显下降，术前术后比较也有显著差别，同时发现血栓素A2及血栓素A2/前列环素比值与血胆红素量明显正相关，提示血栓素A2与胆管癌患者的病情程度及预后有明显关系，说明血栓素A2/前列环素失衡与胆管癌的转归有密切关系。

简介：目的：探讨人表皮生长因子受体2（humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2，HER2）和环氧化酶2（cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2）在非小细胞肺癌（non-smallcelllungcancer，NSCLC）中的表达，其各自与临床特征之间的关系及二者在NSCLC中表达的相互关系。方法采用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶（streptavidin-peroxidase，SP）法检测72例NSCLC中HER2、COX-2的表达情况。结果①72例NSCLC中，HER2、COX-2的阳性表达率分别为55.6%、65.3%；②HER2在NSCLC中的阳性表达与组织学类型、分化程度、肿块大小、淋巴结转移及临床分期相关（P＜0.05），而与性别、年龄、吸烟、病变部位无关（P＞0.05）；③COX-2的阳性表达与年龄、组织学类型、肿块大小、淋巴结转移及临床分期相关（P＜0.05），而与性别、吸烟、病变部位及分化程度无关（P＞0.05）；④HER2、COX-2在NSCLC中的阳性表达呈正相关关系。结论HER2、COX-2可以作为判断NSCLC恶性程度的生物学指标。

简介：目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrixmetalloproteinase-2，MMP-2）和环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase．2，COX．2）蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达与意义。方法应用免疫组化SP方法检测80例非小细胞肺癌组织中MMP-2，COX-2的表达。结果MMP2及COX-2的阳性率分别为31．25％、41．25％。MMP-2及COX-2蛋白表达与临床病理因素无相关性。MMP2和COX-2的阳性表达之间无相关性。结论MMP2及COX-2参与非小细胞肺癌的发生，然而它们也许并不能作为重要的预后指标。

简介：目的了解环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达情况及相互关系。方法甲状腺乳头状癌和癌旁组织COX-2和MMP-2的表达采用SP免疫组化分析。结果甲状腺乳头状癌组织COX-2和MMP-2的阳性表达率为81．7％(49／60)和73.3％(44/60)，20例癌旁正常滤泡上皮COX-2和MMP-2阳性表达率为5．0％(1／20)和25．0％(5／20)，两者阳性表达率均以甲状腺乳头状癌中为高(P<0．01)。COX-2和MMP-2在有淋巴结转移组阳性表达明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0．05，P<0．01)。COX-2阳性表达强度与MMP-2的阳性表达强度之间呈显著的正相关(P<0．01)。结论COX-2和MMP-2在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达密切相关，两者的高表达在甲状腺乳头状癌的发生和发展中具有重要作用。提示COX-2和MMP-2可作为临床诊断的指标和化学治疗的靶点。

简介：Objective:PyruvatekinasesM(PKM),includingthePKM1andPKM2isoforms,arecriticalfactorsinglucosemetabolism.PKM2promotesaerobicglycolysis,aphenomenonknownas"theWarburgeffect".ThepurposeofthisstudywastoidentifytherolesofPKM2inregulatingcellularmetabolism.Methods:TheCRISPR/Cas9systemwasusedtogeneratethePKM-knockoutcellmodeltoevaluatetheroleofPKMincellularmetabolism.LactatelevelsweremeasuredbytheVitrosLACslidemethodonanautoanalyzerandglucoselevelsweremeasuredbytheautoanalyzerAU5800.Themetabolismof13C6-glucoseor13C5-glutaminewasevaluatedbyliquidchromatography/massspectrometryanalyses.TheeffectsofPKMontumorgrowthweredetectedinvivoinatumor-bearingmousemodel.Results:WefoundthatbothPKM1andPKM2enabledaerobicglycolysis,butPKM2convertedglucosetolactatemuchmoreefficientlythanPKM1.Asaresult,PKM2reducedglucoselevelsreservedforintracellularutilization,particularlyfortheproductionofcitrate,andthusincreasedtheα-ketoglutarate/citrateratiotopromotethegenerationofglutamine-derivedacetylcoenzymeAthroughthereductivepathway.Furthermore,reductiveglutaminemetabolismfacilitatedcellproliferationunderhypoxiaconditions,whichsupportsinvivotumorgrowth.Inaddition,PKM-deletioninducedareverseWarburgeffectintumorassociatedstromalcells.Conclusions:PKM2playsacriticalroleinpromotingreductiveglutaminemetabolismandmaintainingprotonhomeostasis.ThisstudyishelpfultoincreasetheunderstandingofthephysiologicalroleofPKM2incancercells.

简介：Objective:TheresultsofapreviousstudyshowedthatacleardysregulationwasevidentintheglobalgeneexpressionoftheBCL11A-suppressedB-lymphomacells.Inthisstudy,thebonemorphogeneticproteinreceptor,typeII(BMPR2),E1Abindingproteinp300(EP300),transforminggrowthfactor-β2(TGFβ2),andtumornecrosisfactor,andalpha-inducedprotein3(TNFAIP3)geneexpressionpatternsinB-cellmalignancieswerestudied.Methods:TherelativeexpressionlevelsofBMPR2,EP300,TGFβ2,andTNFAIP3mRNAinB-lymphomacelllines,myeloidcelllines,aswellasincellsfromhealthyvolunteers,weredeterminedbyreal-timequantitativereversetranscriptpolymerasechainreaction(qRT-PCR)withSYBRGreenDye.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase(GAPDH)wasusedasreference.Results:TheexpressionlevelofTGFβ2mRNAinB-lymphomacelllineswassignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecellsfromthehealthycontrol(P<0.05).However,theexpressionlevelofTNFAIP3mRNAinB-malignantcellswassignificantlylowerthanthatofthehealthycontrol(P<0.05).TheexpressionlevelsofBMPR2andEP300mRNAshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenB-malignantcelllinesandthehealthygroup(P>0.05).InB-lymphomacelllines,correlationanalysesrevealedthattheexpressionofBMPR2andTNFAIP3(r=0.882,P=0.04)hadsignificantpositiverelation.TheexpressionlevelsofBMPR2,EP300,andTNFAIP3mRNAincelllinesfrommyeloidleukemiaweresignificantlylowerthanthoseinthecellsfromthehealthycontrol(P<0.05).TheexpressionlevelsofTGFβ2mRNAshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenmyeloidleukemiacelllinesandthehealthycontrolorB-malignantcelllines(P>0.05).TheexpressionlevelsofBMPR2,EP300,andTNFAIP3mRNAinB-lymphomacellsweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthemyeloidleukemiacells(P<0.05).Conclusion:DifferentexpressionpatternsofBMPR2,EP300,TGFβ2,andTNFAIP3genesinB-lymphomacellsexist.更多还原

简介：目的探讨直肠癌远端黏膜Cox-2及Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况，判断直肠癌手术的远端安全切除范围。方法应用免疫组织化学S—P法检测54例直肠癌远端2cm及3cm黏膜组织、肿瘤组织和20例手术切除的直肠正常黏膜组织中Cox-2和Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果直肠癌远端2cm、3cm黏膜组织与肿瘤组织中Cox-2和Bcl-2蛋白的表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与直肠正常黏膜组织中的表达差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在不同的肿瘤临床病理参数中，直肠癌远端2cm、3cm黏膜组织中Cox-2和Bcl-2蛋白的表达也无明显差异（均P〉0．05）结论直肠癌远端2cm、3cm黏膜组织中Cox-2与Bcl-2蛋白的表达与正常组织无差异，提示直肠癌远端切除2cm已经足够。

简介：目的检测幽门螺杆菌感染（Hp）与HIF-2α、ABCG-2蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨Hp感染在胃癌发生、发展中的干细胞机制及对化疗抵抗的分子机制。方法采用快速尿素酶试验和免疫组化SP法联合检测60例胃癌组织和45例慢性胃炎组织的Hp感染情况,免疫组化SP法检测胃癌组织中HIF-2α、ABCG-2蛋白的表达情况。结果胃癌组织中Hp的阳性表达率为67.3%（37/55）,明显高于慢性胃炎组织的45.2%（19/42）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）。Hp感染与胃癌的浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,而与性别、年龄、组织分化程度及远处转移无关（P〉0.05）。HIF-2α蛋白在Hp阳性胃癌组织与Hp阴性胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为81.1%和50.0%,且HIF-2α蛋白表达与Hp感染之间呈正相关（r=0.321,P=0.017）。ABCG-2蛋白在Hp阳性胃癌组织与Hp阴性胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为86.5%和55.6%,且ABCG-2蛋白表达与Hp感染之间呈正相关（r=0.342,P=0.011）。在37例Hp阳性胃癌组织中,HIF-2α与ABCG-2表达呈正相关（r=0.604,P〈0.0001）。结论Hp可能通过激活HIF-2α-ABCG-2通路来促进胃癌组织中HIF-2α和ABCG-2的表达,诱导胃癌细胞的干细胞化及化疗抵抗。

简介：人表皮生长因子受体2（humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2,HER2/neu）是一种原癌基因,具有酪氨酸激酶活性,与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。正常情况下HER2处于非激活状态,当受到体内外某些因素作用被激活后,可从多个途径影响肿瘤细胞的生物活动,如参与调控细胞增殖与细胞凋亡,促进肿瘤细胞生长;

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简介：目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶－2（matrixmetalloproteinase－2，MMP－2）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂一2（tissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinase－2，TIMP-2）基因多态性与胃癌发生风险的关系。方法本研究为病例对照研究，纳入252例连续性的胃癌患者作为病例组．254例健康者作为对照组。采用变性高效液相色谱法，在部分变性条件下检测所有基因型，用Shesis软件对各基因进行单倍型分析。免疫组化半定量分析方法测定胃癌组织中MMP－2和TIMP－2的表达水平。结果病例组MMP-2—1306C／T基因CC、CT、TF分布的频率分别为80．2％（202／252）、19．0％（48／252）、0．8％（2／252），对照组分别为68．1％（173／254）、28．2％（71／254）、3．9％（10／254），两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=11．46，P=0．003）；携带C等位基因（CC＋CT）的患者发生胃癌的风险是携带TT基因型的1．845倍（OR=1．845，95％CI：1．231—2．767）。病例组TIMP－2—303G／A基因GG、AG、AA分布的频率分别为57．1％（144／252）、38．9％（98／252）、4．0％（10／252），对照组分别为52．0％（132／254）、35．0％（89／254）、13．0％（33／254），两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=13．25，P=0．001）；携带G等位基因（GG＋GA）的患者发生胃癌的风险是携带AA基因型的1．232倍（OR=1．232，95％CI：0．868～1．750）。病例组TIMP-2—418G／C基因GG、GC、CC分布的频率分别为56．7％（143／252）、34．1％（86／252）、9．1％（23／252），对照组分别为68．1％（173／254）、28．3％（72／254）、3．5％（9／254），两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．587，P=0．037）；携带G等位基因（GG＋GC）的患者发生胃癌的风险是携带cc基因型的0．666倍（OR=0．666，95％CI：0．463～0．959）。TIMP-2—303G／A在未突破浆膜层组GG、AG、AA基因型分布与突破浆膜层组中基因型分布差异有统计学