简介：Objective:Despiteevidencethatestrogensandinsulinareinvolvedinthedevelopmentandprogressionofmanycancers,theirsynergisticroleinendometrialcarcinoma(EC)hasnotbeenanalyzedyet.Methods:Here,weinvestigatedhowestrogensactsynergisticallywithinsulintopromoteECprogression.Cellgrowthinvitroandinvivo,effectsofestradiolandinsulinonapoptosisandcellcycledistribution,andexpressionandactivationofestrogenreceptor(ER),insulinreceptor(InsR),andkeyproteinsinthePI3KandMAPKpathwayswereexaminedaftercombinedstimulationwithestradiolandinsulin.Results:ComparedtoECcellstreatedwithestradiolorinsulinalone,thosetreatedwithbothestradiolandinsulinexhibitedstrongerstimulation.EstradiolsignificantlyinducedphosphorylationofInsR-βandIRS-1,whereasinsulinsignificantlyinducedphosphorylationofER-α.Inaddition,treatmentwithbothinsulinandestradioltogethersignificantlyincreasedtheexpressionandphosphorylationofAkt,MAPK,andERK.Notably,InsR-βinhibitionhadalimitedeffectonestradiol-dependentproliferation,cellcycle,andapoptosis,whereasER-αinhibitionhadalimitedinsulin-dependenteffect,inECcelllines.InsulinandestradiolindividuallyandsynergisticallypromotedECxenograftgrowthinmice.Conclusions:EstrogenandinsulinplaysynergisticrolesinECcarcinogenesisandprogressionbyactivatingInsR-βandER-α,promotingacrosstalkbetweenthem,andtherebyresultingintheactivationofdownstreamPI3K/AktandMAPK/ERKsignalingpathways.

简介：Hepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)isoneofthemostdeadlyhumancancers,butitisverydifficulttoestablishananimalmodelbyusingsurgicalspecimens.Inthepresentexperiment,histologicallyintactfreshsurgicalspecimensofHCCweresubcutaneouslytransplantedinnon-obesediabetic/severecombinedimmunodeficienccy(NOD/SCID)mice.Thebiologicalcharacteristicsoftheoriginalandthecorrespondingtransplantedtumorsandcelllineswereinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthat5newanimalmodelsand2primarycelllinesweresuccessfullyestablishedfromsurgicalspecimens.Hematoxylin-eosinstainingshowedthatxenograftsretainedmajorhistologicalfeaturesoftheoriginalsurgicalspecimens.Thetwonewcelllineshadbeencultivatedfor3yearsandsuccessivelypassagedformorethan100passagesinvitro.Themorphologicalcharacteristicsandbiologicfeaturesofthetwocelllinesweregeneticallysimilartotheoriginaltumor.Thesubcutaneoustransplantanimalmodelswithhistologicallyintacttumortissueandprimarycelllinescouldbeusefulforinvivoandinvitrotestingofanti-cancerdrugsandbeidealmodelstostudyvariousbiologicfeaturesofHCC.

简介：Objective:Smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)isconsideredoneofthemostaggressivetypesoflungcancerduetoitsrapidgrowthandearlymetastasis.NotumormarkersortherapeutictargetshavebeendemonstratedtobespecificoreffectiveinSCLCtodate.ThisstudyaimstoevaluatethepotentialofFlotillin1(Flot1)asatargetofSCLCtreatment.Methods:Flot1expressionlevelinthetissueofSCLCandothertissueoflungdiseasewasdetectedusingimmunohistochemicalstaining.TranswellandMatrigelassayswereemployedtoexaminemigrationandinvasionofcancercells.FlowcytometryandxCELLigencesystemwereusedtoevaluatecellapoptosisandcellviability,respectively.ExpressionlevelsofFlot1,epithelialmesenchymaltransition(EMT)markerE-cadherin,vimentin,cyclinD1,TGF-β-Smad2/3,andp-AKTwereexaminedusingWesternblot.Furthermore,xenografttumorinnudemicewasusedtoevaluatethegrowthandmetastasisofNCI-H446cellsinvivo.Results:OurresultsdemonstratedthatFlot1ishighlyexpressedinSCLCsamplesandthatitsexpressioncorrelatesstronglywithclinicalstage,distantmetastasis,andpoorsurvival.TheknockdownofFlot1decreasedthegrowth,migration,andinvasivenessofSCLCcellsandreversedEMTphenotypeinvitroandinvivo,whileenhancedFlot1expressionexhibitedtheoppositebehavior.GeneexpressionprofileanalysisdemonstratedthatFlot1-regulatedgenesfrequentlymappedtotheAKTandTGF-β-Smad2/3pathways.OurresultsfurtherrevealedthatFlot1affectedtheprogressionofSCLCviaregulationofEMTprogression.Conclusions:ThesefindingsindicatedanoncogenicroleofFlot1viapromotingEMTinSCLCandsuggesteditspotentialasatumormarkerandprognosticindicator.

简介：Objective:Multiplemechanismsunderlyingthedevelopmentofportalveintumorthrombus(PVTT)inhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)havebeenreportedrecently.However,theoriginsofPVTTremainunknown.Increasingmulti-omicsdataonPVTTsinHCCshavemadeitpossibletoinvestigatewhetherPVTTsoriginatefromthecorrespondingprimarytumors(Ts).Methods:TheclonalrelationshipbetweenPVTTsandtheircorrespondingprimaryTswasinvestigatedusingdatasetsdepositedinpublicdatabases.OneDNAcopynumbervariationsdatasetandthreegeneexpressiondatasetsweredownloadedfortheanalyses.ClonalityanalysiswasperformedtoinvestigatetheclonalrelationshipbetweenPVTTsandTsfromanindividualpatient.DifferentialgeneexpressionanalysiswasappliedtoinvestigatethegeneexpressionprofilesofPVTTsandTs.Results:Oneoutof19PVTTshadnoclonalrelationshipwithitscorrespondingT,whereastheothersdid.ThePVTTswithindependentclonaloriginshoweddifferentgeneexpressionandenrichmentinbiologicalprocessesfromtheprimaryTs.Basedontheuniquegeneexpressionprofiles,agenesignatureincluding24geneswasusedtoidentifypairsofPVTTsandprimaryTswithoutanyclonalrelationship.ValidationinthreedatasetsshowedthatthesetypesofpairsofPVTTsandTscanbeidentifiedbythe24-genesignature.Conclusions:OurfindingsshowadirectevidenceforPVTToriginandconsolidatetheheterogeneityofPVTTsobservedinclinic.TheresultssuggestthatPVTTinvestigationatamolecularlevelisclinicallynecessaryfordiagnosisandtreatment.

简介：调查在在hypoxic下面的gliomaangiogenesis的受体(u-PA/u-PAR)系统调节的尿激类型plasminogenactivator/urokinase-typeplasminogen的角色的目的，我们在导致的组织缺氧上学习了调节glioma的媒介的效果在人的象endothelial一样ECV304房间增长，apoptosis，在vitro的绳索形成和u-PA/u-PAR表示的变化。方法MTT试金被用来在房间增长检验变化。房间apoptosis被染色的Hoechst33258分析。Matrigel像绳索的形成试金被用来在vitro评估ECV304房间的angiogenesis能力。u-PA/u-PARmRNA的表情被量的即时RT-PCR检测。结果组织缺氧禁止了ECV304房间增长并且导致了房间apoptosis。当不normoxic调节了部分堵住的U251glioma房间的媒介(N厘米)时，Hypoxic调节了媒介(H厘米)ECV304房间增长和apoptosis上的组织缺氧的效果。U251glioma房间的H厘米也支持了在matrigel上播种的ECV304房间的绳索形成。当u-PA或u同等monoclonal抗体被增加进ECV304房间culturing媒介时，绳索形成能力部分被禁止。U251glioma房间的H厘米在ECV304房间导致了uPA和uPAR表示。这些建议那个u-PA/u-PAR系统的结论被hypoxicmicroenviroment涉及gliomaangiogenesistrigged。

简介：Objective:ToexaminetheeffectofpSer9-GSK-3βonbreastcancerandtodeterminewhethertheunderlyingmetabolicandimmunologicalmechanismisassociatedwithROS/eIF2Bandnaturalkiller(NK)cells.Methods:WeemployedTWS119toinactivateGSK-3βbyphosphorylatingSer9andexploreditseffectonbreastcancerandNKcells.TheexpressionofGSK-3β,naturalkillergroup2memberD(NKG2D)ligands,eIF2BwasquantifiedbyPCRandWesternblot.Wemeasuredintracellularreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andmitochondrialROSusingDCFH-DAandMitoSOXTMprobe,respectively,andconductedquantitativeanalysisofcellularrespirationon4T1cellswithmitochondrialrespiratorychaincomplexⅠ/Ⅲkits.Results:OurinvestigationrevealedthatTWS119downregulatedNKG2Dligands(H60aandRae1),suppressedthecytotoxicityofNKcells,andpromotedthemigrationof4T1murinebreastcancercells.Nevertheless,LY290042,whichattenuatesp-GSK-3βformationbyinhibitingthePI3K/Aktpathway,reversedtheseeffects.WealsofoundthathigherexpressionofpSer9-GSK-3βinducedhigherlevelsofROS,andobservedthatabnormalityofmitochondrialrespiratorychaincomplexⅠ/ⅢfunctioninducedthedysfunctionofGSK-3β-inducedelectrontransportchain,naturallydisturbingtheROSlevel.Inaddition,theexpressionofNOX3andNOX4wassignificantlyup-regulated,whichaffectedthegenerationofROSandassociatedwiththemetastasisofbreastcancer.Furthermore,wefoundthattheexpressionofpSer535-eIF2BpromotedtheexpressionofNKG2Dligands(Mult-1andRae1)followingbyexpressionofpSer9-GSK-3βandgenerationofROS.Conclusions:ThePI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/ROS/eIF2BpathwaycouldregulateNKcellactivityandsensitivityoftumorcellstoNKcells,whichresultedinbreastcancergrowthandlungmetastasis.Thus,GSK-3βisapromisingtargetofanti-tumortherapy.