简介:Companiesthatnotonlyabidebyenvironmentalregulations,butalsodiscovernewtechniquesandadoptnewmanagementmethodstoreducenegativeenvironmentalimpactsoftenhavepositiveeffectsoncorporateprofitability.Inordertomeettheneedsofsustainabilityofenterprisesandprotectenvironment,theconceptofgreenmanagementisdevelopedandregardedasanimportantdirectionofmanagementtheoryofthe21stcentury.Thoughtherearemanytheoriesandpracticesaboutgreenmanagementinwesterncountries,theyarebuiltbasedonthedevelopedmarketeconomy,whicharenotsuitableforChineseenterprisesabsolutely.Byanalyzingtheviewpointsandmodelsoftheoverseasanddomesticexpertsandscholars,combiningcharacteristicofChina’smarketeconomy,thispaperpointsouttherealconnotationofenterprisegreenmanagement-thecombinationofecologicalharmony(harmonybetweenhumanandnature)withhumanharmony(harmonyamongpeople),establishesa3Dtheoreticalmodel,pointsoutthedefectsofenterprise’sgreenmanagementinChina,reanalyzesandredesignedenterprisegreenmanagement,whichpavesthewayforthedeeperandbroaderdevelopmentofgreenmanagement.
简介:本文以“四方式二形态假说”作为基本准则和框架,分析世界经济,得出世界经济主体正跨进一个新的经济时代的结论。价值工程在世界经济从机器经济时代进化到信息经济时代,从物质经济运行形态进化到功能经济运行形态起了和起着巨大的作用。把功能R&D作为价值工程活动的前导,能改变传统价值工程方法能动性发挥不够、创新不足、与市场和技术缺乏互动的状况,使其更符合经济新时代的需求。本文还论述了功能R&D的特点。并指出,创一流企业要加强功能R&D。
简介:WiththedeepeningofelectricpowermarketreforminChina,themonopolyedgeofthestate-ownedelectricpowerenterpriseswilllose.Onthebasisoftheexistingpostperformancesalarymechanism,ChinesepowerenterprisesneedtooptimizetheincentivemechanismofR&Dstaff,toarousetheR&Dstaff’senthusiasmandcreativity,toadapttothenewmarketcompetitionandfurtherimprovemarketvalue.WhilsttheincentivemechanismoptimizingprocessingneedstoconsidernotonlythechangingmarketenvironmentbutalsothepersonalandworkingcharacteristicsofR&Dstaff.ThispapersummarizesthecharacteristicsofthecurrentChinesepowerenterprises’R&Dstaff:staff’stheoryqualityishigh,butinsensitivetothemarket;theyareconfrontedwithheavyworkloadanddiversifiedjobchoices;managerscanobservetheirbehaviorchoicesornot;besides,theprocessofR&DiscomplexandthemarketreactionsofR&Dachievementsareuncertain.Basedonthepremiseoftheabovefeatures,twoincentivemodelsareestablishedinthispaperfromthepointofviewofenterprisemanagers.Oneisforthesituationwhenstaff’sbehaviorchoicescanbeobserved;theotherisforthesituationwhenstaff’sbehaviorchoicescannotbeobserved.Throughsolvingthemodel,weanalyzetheoptimizationpathofelectricpowerenterprisesR&Dstaffincentivemechanismundertheseconditions:(1)whenstaff’sbehaviorchoicescanbeobserved,managerscanpaymoretotheR&Dstaffwhodevelopproductswithhigheroutputvalue,inordertoencouragethemtoworkharder.(2)whenstaff’sbehaviorchoicescannotbeobserved,managersshouldtakereasonablestrategiesaccordingtothedifferentsituations:a.whenR&DstaffincentivetotallydependonthemarketvalueoftheR&Dachievements,managersshouldallocateworkloadrationallyaccordingtotheirdifferenttechnicallevels;b.whenthemarketreactionsofR&Dresultsbecomemoreprecarious,managersneedtoreducetheincentiveintensitywhichbasedonthemarketvalueandraisetheirfixe
简介:本文讨论了外商在大陆的R&D投资与中国自主创新的相互关系,及如何实现内外资R&D支出的平衡。近年来,中国的R&D投入迅速增长,科技实力不断增强。同时,随着跨国公司R&D全球化的迅猛发展,外资在中国的R&D投资影响日益扩大,研发经费占中国企业研发投入的比重达27%。在一些科技实力较强的国家,这一水平基本在30%左右。而科技实力最强大的美国和日本,这一比值更低,分别不超过15%和5%。因此,外资R&D的快速发展对中国自主创新战略提出了严峻挑战。本文在分析了近年来科技创新与外资R&D发展背景的基础上,着重讨论外资R&D在中国创新体系中的地位和作用,并封平衡外资与本土创新提出了政策建议。