简介:分析了对盐城滨海湿地影响较大的一些地方政策,发现这些政策对盐城滨海湿地及其生物多样性保护存在诸多不利,主要表现在:湿地开发利用政策偏重经济发展,轻视湿地及其生物多样性保护;湿地围垦政策的制定缺乏科学依据,导致盲目、超强度围垦;沿海产业政策不合理,致使湿地环境污染;湿地政策的执行缺乏有效的保障机制等。解决这些问题需要完善湿地相关政策体系,确立可持续发展作为盐城滨海湿地政策的指导思想,选择全面保护的湿地政策目标;制定综合性湿地及其生物多样性保护和可持续利用政策体系,例如,建立和完善湿地保护投入政策机制、湿地资源生态补偿政策机制,完善湿地保护和可持续利用的技术政策、产业政策等;完善湿地政策执行的管理体制,加强湿地政策的法律化。
简介:本研究应用MODIS卫星遥感资料,分析2000—2010年大田县均溪谷地植被净初级生产NPP与NDVI相关性的时空变化特征,运用ArcGIS软件对大田县均溪河做不同距离的缓冲区分析,结合土地利用状况,研究年植被净初级生产力aNPP与年均归一化植被指数ANDVI的相关性,并建立线性回归分析模型进一步分析NPP随NDVI的变化情况。可以看出,ANDVI与aNPP的空间分布特征与距河流的距离远近有着密切关系,河流不同缓冲区ANDVI与aNPP的相关性系值为0.80~0.96。研究区域3年回归模型均通过α=0.01的显著性F值相关检测,表明利用NDVI可以有效地对NPP进行实时监测。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:中国是一个洪水多发国家,洪水灾害平均每年给中国造成约千亿元的直接经济损失。成功的洪水风险管理离不开公众的参与,了解公众对环境风险的认知是设计有效风险沟通策略的关键,也是促进公众认识提升与行为转变的重要环节。本研究回顾了公众对洪水风险的相关认知,系统梳理了风险认知研究范式、洪水风险认知的测量及其影响因素。现有研究表明,公众居住地的地理特征与洪水风险认知存在显著的相关关系:居住地距离洪水风险源越近,洪水风险认知越高;居住地相对洪水风险源海拔越高,洪水风险认知越低。女性、年龄较高的人群更关注洪水风险,而教育程度、收入水平与洪水风险认知则没有显著相关关系。受灾经历是影响洪水风险认知的重要因素,有过受灾经历的公众会有较高的洪水风险认知和较强的应对灾害的行为。公众对洪水风险管理的信任程度也将影响公众的洪水风险认知。本研究对洪水风险认知的测量指标和测量方法做了梳理和评述,并提出今后洪水风险认知研究可能拓展的方向,如探索公众洪水风险认知对行为改变的作用,以及对洪水风险管理的影响。
简介:植被格局是指植被在生活空间中的位置和布局状况,是物种生物学特性和外界环境因子综合作用的结果。湿地植被在景观上总是沿着某个环境梯度呈较明显的带状分布特点,但是关于带状分布形成的机理目前还不是很清楚。大量事实表明,湿地植被格局不仅受制于湿地自身自然环境状况(包括非生物和生物因素),同时也取决于湿地植物种的生物学特性,并且受到人类干扰活动的影响。具体成因如下:非生物因素主要包括气候、地貌、水文和土壤等,这些因素通过对水、热、光和营养等因子的分配而在不同尺度上影响湿地植被的组成和分布,其中,水位和盐度梯度分别是淡水和盐沼湿地植被格局形成的主导因子。生物因素主要包括竞争和植食作用,高竞争力物种采用迅速繁殖和扩散的策略成为优势物种直接影响植被的分布,植食作用则可能通过改变植物间竞争关系而影响植物分布。物种生物学特性主要包括胁迫忍耐力及繁殖和定居能力等,如洪水忍耐力高的物种往往分布在最高水位的区域,繁殖和定居能力强的物种能使自身在复杂环境下取得竞争优势。人类活动可以通过改变湿地生态系统中的非生物因素和生物因素的相互关系来影响植被分布格局。针对当前研究的现状,今后的研究应在淡水湿地系统植被成因,生物因素如植物间相互作用以及植物自身关系的权衡对格局的影响,微生物作用对植被格局的影响,野外控制实验四个方面进一步加强。
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简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.