简介:通过对北京白河植物群落的组成、结构、生物量、生活型及区系特征调查研究.结果表明,白河滩地共分布有水生、湿生植物33科98属178种;生活型以地面芽植物和一年生植物占优势;区系特征以世界广布和北温带分布型占主导.该调查区域共有18个湿地植物群落类型;主要植物群落的生物量秋季小香蒲(Typhaminima)群落为3200g/m2;芦苇群落(Phragmitesaustralis)为3000g/m2;有芒稗(Echinochloacrusgalliivar.caudata)群落为3500g/m2;褐鳞莎草群落(Cyperusfuscus)为1300g/m2.该地区主要植物群落的生物量、群落组织水平、多样性与人为活动干扰有密切关系.
简介:根据工作需要,在北京4个水系的主要河流的平原地段和山区的上、中游地段,选取不同生境的典型样地,以及城区的人工湖泊共设立了35个采集点,采用样方法和样带法相结合,共调查样方355个,采集样本4152个.在该调查资料的基础上,运用区系学原理对北京地区湿地高等植物区系的种类组成、地理成分(科、属、种3个层次)等进行了系统的分析.结果表明,北京地区湿地高等植物共有108科311属552种(含山区湿地),占北京植物总数的近1/3.其中苔藓植物(Bryohyto)有9科15属18种;蕨类植物(Pteridophgta)5科5属8种;裸子植物(Gymnospermae)3科5属6种;被子植物(Angiospermae)91科286属520种.种子植物中含20种以上的有5科,共210种;含5种以上的属有14个属,共114种.北京地区湿地植物的分布(即地理成分)较复杂.北京湿地种子植物属的分布区类型有15个类型,9个变型,温带地区类型占主导,温带成分较丰富(属数、种类、比例均占首位).本区植物区系的主要特征为:①草本植物发达;②温带成分占优势地位;③区系起源古老;④特有属、种匮乏;⑤分布区类型具多样性.
简介:[1]AnZS,WeiLY,LuYC,1985,ApreliminarystudyofsoilstratigraphyinLuochuanloessprofile.QuaternarySciences,6(1):166-173.(inChinese)[2]AnZS,KutzbacchJE,PrellWLetal.,2001.EvolutionofAsianmonsoonsandphasedupliftoftheHimalaya-TibetanplateausinceLateMiocenetimes.Nature,411:62-66.[3]BarbaraAM,1995.PalaeorainfallreconstructionsfrompedogenicmagneticsusceptibilityvariationintheChineseloessandpalaeosol.QuaternaryResearch,44(3):383-391.[4]DerbyshireE,MengXM,KempRA,1998.Provenance,transportandcharacteristicsofmodemaeoliandustinwesternGansuProvince,China,andinterpretationoftheQuaternaryloessrecord.JournalofAridEnvironments,39:497-516.[5]DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXMetal.,1989.37cyclessince2.5Ma.ChineseScienceBulletin,34(19):1494-1496.[6]DingZL,RutterNW,SunJMetal.,2000.Re-arrangementofatmosphericcirculationatabout2.6MaovernorthernChina:evidencefromgrainsizerecordsofloess-palaeosolandredclaysequences.QuaternaryScienceReviews,19:547-558.[7]DuJ,ZhaoJB,2004.SoilerosionregularitysinceHoloceneinShaolingtablelandofChang′an.JournalofDesertResearch,24(1):63-67.(inChinese)[8]FengZD,WangHB,OlsonCetal.,2004.Chronolgicaldiscordbetweenthelastinterglacialpaleosol(S1)anditsparentmaterialintheChineseLoessPlateau.QuaternaryInternational,117:17-26.[9]GuoZT,LiuDS,FedoroffNetal.,1998.ClimateextremesinloessofChinacoupledwiththestrengthofdeep-waterformationintheNorthAtlantic.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,18:113-128.[10]GuoZT,WillamFRuddiman,HaoQZetal.,2002.OnsetofAsiandesertificationby22MyragoinferredfromloessdepositsinChina.Nature,416:159-163.[11]HeinrichH,1988.OriginandconsequenceofcycliciceraftinginthenortheastAtlanticOceanduringpast130000years.QuaternaryResearch,29:142-152.[12]KempRA,DerbyshireE,
简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:[1]BrownL,1995.WhoWillFeedChina:Wake-upCallforaSmallPlanet.TheWorldWatchEnvironmentalAlertSeries.NortonandCo.,NewYork,USA.[2]CaiYunlong,1990.Land.In:ZuoDakang(eds.),ADictionaryofModernGeography.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,ppl11.(inChinese)[3]CaoM,MaS,HanC,1995.Potentialproductivityandhumancarryingcapacityofanagro-ecosystem:ananalysisoffoodproductionpotentialofChina.AgriculturalSystems,47:387-414.[4]ChenLiding,WangJun,FuBojieetal.,2001.Land-usechangeinasmallcatchmentofnorthernLoessPlateau,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,86(2):163-172.[5]DaiFC,LeeCF,ZhangXH,2003.GIS-basedgeo-environmentalevaluationforurbanland-useplanning:acasestudy.EngineeringGeology,61(4):257-271.[6]DingChengri,2003.LandpolicyreforminChina:assessmentandprospects.LandUsePolicy,20:109-120.[7]FuBojie,WangJun,ChenLidingetal.,2003a.TheeffectsoflanduseonsoilmoisturevariationintheDanangoucatchmentoftheLoessPlateau,China.Catena,54:197-213.[8]FuCongbin,2003b.Potentialimpactsofhuman-inducedlandcoverchangeonEastAsiamonsoon.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,37(3-4):219-229.[9]FischerG,SunLaixiang,2001.Modelbasedanalysisoffutureland-usedevelopmentinChina.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,85(1-3):163-176.[10]GuoXiaomin,NiuDekuietal.,2000.TheexplorationofdevelopingfruitindustrymodewithsoilandwaterconservationinsouthJiangxiarea.ResearchofSoilandWaterConservation,7(3):187-218.(inChinese)[11]HeXiubin,LiZhanbin,HaoMingdeetal.,2003.Down-scaleanalysisforwaterscarcityinresponsetosoil-waterconservationonLoessPlateauofChina.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,94:355-361.[12]HeiligGK,1999.CanChinafeeditself?Asystemforevaluationofpolicyoptions.ScienceforGlobalInsight,IIASA,Laxenburg(CD-ROMVers.1.1).[13]HuWei,1997.HouseholdlandtenurereforminChina:itsim
简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:以新济洲湿地为例,研究了长江洲滩湿地生态恢复的内涵,提出了生态恢复工程方案.新济洲湿地位于长江下游南京市江宁区段,由于自然因素和人为因素的影响,该湿地结构和功能发生了明显的变化.通过对新济洲湿地的野外研究,分析了退化湿地生态系统的特征,从湿地生境、生物、结构与功能方面阐述了生态恢复的总体构想,研究了湿地恢复的工程手段与可持续利用模式.新济洲湿地生境恢复包括栖息地、基底、水体和土壤的恢复;湿地生物恢复途径有提高植被覆盖率、控制外来物种和保护野生动植物;湿地结构与功能恢复内容包括生态序列重建,生态系统、湿地景观与生物多样性恢复.湿地恢复的工程手段有景观建设、功能区建设、生态定位站、血吸虫防治、植被移植、防护林和河道整治等;湿地可持续利用模式包括桑基鱼塘、生态农业与生态旅游.
简介:选择三江平原典型湿地植物--小叶章(Calamogrostisangustifolia)为研究对象,通过人工试验控制水位条件,以对植被的非破坏性为原则,应用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测定该群落的优势种小叶章在5种不同的水位条件下的顶端第3位叶的叶绿素含量,定量地揭示了小叶章群落的优势种小叶章植株的叶绿素含量在人工控制试验条件下的季节性动态变化规律,及其与水位梯度之间的关系.6月中旬至8月中旬2个月时间的人工试验结果显示:①在设定的5种水位条件下,小叶章植株叶绿素含量随水位的升高,先下降而后上升,表明生境的水位条件明显影响小叶章种群植株的叶绿素含量;②对同一水位梯度而言,在试验期间,小叶章植株的叶绿素含量呈递减的季节性变化,反映了叶绿素含量的变化与小叶章植株生长发育的季节性变化特点具有统一性.③在试验期间,小叶章植株叶绿素含量的下降速率随着水位梯度的升高而逐渐增大.
简介:对双季稻田水量转换10年(1991~2000年)定位观测,以及模拟不同水源条件的稻田水管理模式,解析田间水量转换的5年(1998~2002年)实验结果表明,稻田不同水管理田间水量转换有明显差异,常规管理田间耗水量的分配为:腾发量占总耗水量1/2,翻耕整地占1/6,植物构成占1/21,田间渗漏占1/14,其他环境耗水(维持)占1/5.长年水层灌溉田间腾发量和维持性环境耗水量偏大;耕灌雨养管理翻耕整地和田间渗漏耗水比例过高.水分生产力(以年度单位面积上每耗水1mm的产量计为kg/(mm·hm2·a)),稻谷产量,长年水层灌溉与常规管水一致,为6.65kg/(mm·hm2·a),耕灌雨养处理较低,为6.13kg/(mm·hm2·a).群体光合累积效应处理间差异表现与产量差异表现相同,早稻差异很小,晚稻差异显著.叶片水分生产效率,早稻以水层灌溉最大,晚稻是常规管理最大,耕灌雨养处理早晚稻都较小.不同生育期这种大小关系也有变化.