简介：WiththeERA40reanalysisdailydatafor1958-2001,theglobalatmosphericseasonal-meandiabaticheatingandtransientheatingarecomputedbyusingtheresidualdiagnosisofthethermodynamicequation.Thethree-dimensionalstructuresforthetwotypesofheatingaredescribedandcompared.Itisdemonstratedthatthediabaticheatingisbasicallycharacterizedbystronganddeepconvectiveheatinginthetropics,shallowheatinginthemidlatitudesanddeepcoolinginthesubtropicsandhigh-latitudes.Thetropicaldiabaticheatingalwaysshiftstowardsthesummerhemisphere,butthemidlatitudeheatingandhigh-latitudecoolingtendtobestronginthewinterhemisphere.Ontheotherhand,thetransientheatingduetotransienteddytransferischaracterizedbyameridionaldipolepatternwithcoolinginthesubtropicsandheatinginthemid-andhigh-latitudes,aswellasbyaverticaldipolepatterninthemidlatitudeswithcoolingatlowerlevelsandheatinginthemid-andhigher-levels,whichgivesrisetoaslopedstructureinthetransientheatingorientedfromthelowerlevelsinthehighlatitudesandhigherlevelsinthemidlatitudes.Thetransientheatingiscloselyrelatedtoastormtrackalongwhichthetransienteddyactivityismuchstrongerinthewinterhemispherethaninthesummerhemisphere.InNorthernHemisphere,thetransientheatinglocatesinthewesternoceanicbasin,whileitiszonally-orientedinSouthernHemisphere,forwhichthetransientheatingandcoolingarefarseparatedoverSouthPacificduringthecoldseason.Thetransientheatingtendstocancelthediabaticheatingovermostoftheglobe.However,itdominatesthemid-troposphericheatinginthemidlatitudes.Therefore,theatmospherictransientprocessesacttohelptheatmospheregainmoreheatinthehigh-latitudesandinthemid-troposphereofmidlatitudes,reallocatingtheatmosphericheatobtainedfromthediabaticheating.

简介：Inthispaper,thefrontogenesisforcedbydustradiativeheatingandtheradiativeeffectsofanisolatedduststorrnonafrontalcirculationsystemareexaminedbymeansoftwo-andthree-dimensionalnumericalmodels.Resultsindicatethatasaduststormbreaksout,frontogenesisiscausedinbydustradiativeheatingintheloweratmosphere.Amarkedisentropicpotentialtemperaturelayerisformedinthemiddletroposphere.Thelow-levelconvergenceoccursalongthedirectionofthefrontmovement.Atnight,dustradiativecoolingresultsinfrontolysisintheloweratmosphere.Anobviousverticalcirculationisforcedbyradiativeheatingofanisolatedduststormalongthedirectionofthepre-vailingwind.Itisstrongeratday,weakerandreverseatnight.Theresponseofthehorizontalwindfieldtodustradiativeforcingisdifferentatdifferentlevels.

简介：Inthispaper,thenonlinearstationarywavesforcedbytopographyanddiabaticheatingareinvestigated.Itispointedoutthat(1)thenonlinearinteractionofdifferentstationarywavesforcedonlybytopographymightformdipoleblockingintheatmosphere,thismightexplainthedipoleblockingappearedinthePacificandAtlanticregions;(2)thedipoleblockingcouldnotbecausedbythenonlinearinteractionofthedifferentstationarywavesforcedbythediabaticheatingalone;(3)thenonlinearinteractionofthediffferentstationarywavesforcedbybothtopographyanddiabaticheatingcouldinitiatedipoleblockingintheatmosphere.Inwinter,thedipoleblockingmainlyoccursinthewestregionsofthePacificandtheAtlantic,andtheheatsourceoverthewesternpartofthetwooceansisadvantageoustotheformationofdipoleblockinginthewestoftwooceans.However,insummer,thedipoleblockingcouldbeformedintheeastpartofthetwooceans,andtheheatsourceovertheeastern

简介：Watertankexperimentsarecarriedouttoinvestigatetheconvectionflowinducedbybottomheatingandtheeffectsoftheambientwindontheflowinnon-symmetricalurbanstreetcanyonsbasedonthePIV(ParticleImageVisualization)technique.Fluidexperimentsshowthatwithcalmambientwind,theflowsinthestreetcanyonarecompletelydrivenbythermalforce,andtheconvectioncanreachtheupperatmosphereofthestreetcanyon.Horizontalandverticalmotionsalsoappearabovetheroofsofthebuildings.Thesearetheconditionswhichfavortheexchangeofmomentumandairmassbetweenthestreetcanyonanditsenvironment.Morethantwovorticesareinducedbytheconvection,andthecomplexcirculationpatternwillvarywithtimeinawiderstreetcanyon.However，inanarrowstreetcanyon，justonevortexappears.Withalightambientwind,thebottomheatingandtheassociatedconvectionresultinjustonemainvortex.Astheambientwindspeedincreases,thevortexbecomesmoreorganizedanditscentershiftsclosertotheleewardbuilding.

简介：Basedonthetropicalcyclone（TC）asymmetricdisturbanceasthesuperpositionofthesymmetricenvironmentalcirculation,theanalyticalsolutionoftravellingwaveisgivenbyusingthebarotropicalnondivergentmodelwithdiabaticheatingforcingandnon-frictioninaplanepolarcoordinate.Then,theTCradialinhomogeneousstructureisanalyzedonradial/tangentialvelocityandgeopotentialheight.ItisfoundthatthedifferentkindsofstructuresareinfluencedbytheCoriolisparameter（f）,TCintensity（Ω）,disturbancecircularfrequency（ω）,andTCangularwavenumber（m）.And,thediabaticheating（Q1）hassignificantimpactsontheradial/tangentialvelocitydistributionshapedliketheinner-tightandouter-relaxed.

简介：Inthispaper,aprimitiveequationlinearwavemodelisusedtoexaminetheeffectsofthree-dimen-sionalstructureofheatingfieldonthebehaviorofstationaryplanetarywavesinsummerandtocomparetherolesofdifferentheatingfunctionsfortheformationandmaintenanceofsummermonsooncirculationinAsia.Itisshownthatthealoftheatingconnectedwiththelatentheating,especiallythedeepcondensationheatingassociatedwiththecumulusconvectioninlowlatitudes,playsacrucialpartintheAsiansummermon-soonandthestructuresofplanetarywaveresponsesarequitesensitivetotheverticaldistributionofheating.

简介：WatertankexperimentswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethethermalconvectionduetothebottomheatinginanasymmetricalvalleyunderneutralandstablystratifiedapproachflowswiththeParticleImageVelometry(PIV)visualizationtechnique.Intheneutralstratificationapproachflow,theascendingdraftinducedbybottomheatingismainlylocatedinthecenterofthevalleyincalmambientwind.However,withambientwindflow,thethermalconvectionisshiftedleeward,andthedescendingdraftislocatedontheleewardsideofthevalley,whiletheascendingdraftislocatedonthewindwardside.Thedescendingdraftisminorlyturbulentandorganized,whiletheascendingdraftishighlyturbulent.Withtheincreaseofthetowingspeed,thedescendingandascendingdraftsinducedbythemechanicalelevationbegintoplayamoredominantroleinthevalleyflow,whiletheroleofthethermalconvectioninthevalleyairflowbecomeslimited.Inthestablestratificationapproachflow,thethermalconvectionislimitedbythestablestratificationandnodistinctcirculationisformedincalmambientwind.Withambientwind,agravitywaveappearsintheupperlayerinthevalley.Withtheincreaseoftheambientwindspeed,agravitywaveplaysanimportantroleinthevalleyflow,andthelocationandintensityofthethermalconvectionarealsomodulatedbythegravityinternalwaves.Thethermalconvectionhasdifficultypenetratingtheupperstablelayer.Itsexchangeislimitedbetweentheairintheupperlayerandthatinthelowerlayerinthevalley,anditisadversetothediffusionofpollutantsinthevalley.

简介：AsensitivenumericalsimulationstudyiscarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectsofcondensationheatingandsurfacefluxesonthedevelopmentofaSouthChinaMCSthatoccurredduring23-24May1998.Theresultsrevealthefollowing:(1)CondensationheatingplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofMCS.Ineverydifferentstage,withoutcondensationheating,MCSprecipitationissignificantlyreduced,andquicklydissipates.(2)CondensationheatingdemonstratesmostimportantlyduringtheearlydevelopmentstagesofMCSvortex;asthevortexdevelopsstronger,thecondensationheatingeffectsreduces.(3)ByaffectingtheMCSdevelopmentprocesses,condensationheatingalsoinfluencestheformationofMCSmesoscaleenvironmentstructurefeaturessuchaslow-leveljet(mLLJ),upper-leveldivergence.(4)Bychangingtheantecedentenvironmentalcirculation,thesurfacefluxesalsoplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofMCS.Becauseofthesurfaceheating,pressuredeclinesovertheheavyrainfallandMCShappeningregions,whichresultsintheintensificationofsoutherlyflowsfromtheoceanalongtheSouthChinacoastlineareas,andleadstotheenhancementofhorizontalconvergenceandincreaseofvaporamountinthelowerlayer.Allofthesemaketheatmospheremoreunstableandmorefavorablefortheconvection.

简介：AparameterizedradiationandcloudmodeldevelopedattheUniversityofUtah,U.S.A.hasbeenusedtocomputetheatmosphericradiativepropertiesinZhangyeareaduringthepilotexperimentofHEIFEinSeptemberof1988.SomecharacteristicsofatmosphericradiativeheatingfieldsduringtheautumninZhangyeareahavebeenanalysed,andsomequestionsthatmeritattentioninthefutureobservationarealsodiscussedinthispaper.

简介：

简介：用大气的研究(NCEP/NCAR)和在冬季期间聚集的客观地分析的由空至海的热流动(OAFlux)的环境研究/公民中心的国家中心的每月的分析数据，单个向量分解(SVD)分析被进行揭示在在北方太平洋上在500hPa(Z500)加热异例和geopotential高度的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水兵之间的联合模式。第一个SVD模式证明当加热异例的北自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水兵是积极的时，在北方太平洋的中央、西方的节的Z500是反常地低的。由填写气象学的领域异例在积极(或否定)年，这被揭示了当时阿留申群岛之土人低加深(或shallows)，在西北弯屈自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流加强的overlying(或变弱)并且导致近表面的空气凉爽(或温暖)。而且，这增加(或减少)向上的热流动异例并且冷却(或温暖)海表面温度(SST)因此。在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流和它的下游的区域的附近，沿着纬度的空气温度的垂直结构是baroclinic；然而，geopotential高度是相等地barotropic，哪个礼品凉爽的马槽(或温暖的山脉)空间结构。分叉的风和垂直速度被介绍显示出异常带的发行量房间。这些被升起描绘(或下降)在中央诺思太平洋的空气，它向西流动并且向上面的对流层东方，下降(或上升)在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流并且在北美洲的西方的节，然后加强(或变弱)中间纬度的带的房间(MZC)。

简介：出去的长波辐射(OLR)的导出卫星的数据，在对流顶层(SRT)的网络短波放射和由NCEP预言了的发行量信息在工作被使用学习季节变异捕捞在有亚洲夏季风的地球大气的系统和它的关系的放射的加热。是在结果被显示出，加热的带的偏差的带的偏差，与季节在在土地和海之间的方向作为变化表明了，是他们之间的热差别的一个指示。比在到夏天的从春天的总环流大气环流，方向的季节的颠倒可能在在亚洲触发夏季风的发作和退却正在起一个必要作用早一个月。

简介：在200-hPa之间的关系在东方亚洲沿海的水西方的太平洋(WPJS)上的西的喷气流异例，和加热的海洋的表面和摘要规模的短暂旋涡(STE)在在冬的北方太平洋上的活动异例被使用ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR分析数据检验。分析证明加热的表面和STE异例有不同模式，相应于三个WPJS异常模式分别地。在第一个WPJS异常模式，WPJS主要部分不显示出柔韧的异例。异常的西的风，经过日期线发生在中间纬度的中央东方的太平洋上与经过日期线和北方太平洋盆的中心在热带中央东方的太平洋介绍两个的异常加热被联系。同时，STE异例出现在异常的带的风的区域附近。在在第二个WPJS模式显示出的喷气力量的变化是强烈，与在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水流的加热异例有关，在喷气的区域和STE异例退出区域。第三个模式表明WPJS的northward/southward移动，它与在西方的诺思太平洋的加热异例的偶极的模式在35°N分开了的南方北方有一个统计连接。同时，STE空间排水量与在一样的方向的喷气移动一起。加热异例与大气的发行量有一个靠近的连接，并且因此改变中间纬度的baroclinicity，它然后经由内部大气的动力学增强WPJS异例，导致STE异例。

简介：这研究调查影响天气系统为和西藏的高原(TP)s表面在2010年6月在南部的中国上在重降雨上加热的效果，在14242010年6月期间集中于四个坚持的重降雨事件。主要天气系统包括南方亚洲人高气压，midlatitude马槽和山脉，在中间的对流层的西方的和平的副热带的高度，并且砍在更低的对流层的线和东方动人的旋涡。允许传送对流的模拟(CTL)的一个整体为这些降雨事件与WRF模型一起被执行，它成功地复制降水和天气系统的观察进化。有在TP和它的南部的斜坡上的表面反照率的模拟(参议员)的另一个整体人工地改变了到一个，即，否则它与CTL相同，表面不吸收任何太阳的加热，也被执行。在CTL和参议员之间的比较建议显著地的在CTL的TP的理智的加热影响的表面在高原和它的环境上的温度分布，和热风调整因而改变摘要的系统的大气的发行量和性质，导致在南部的中国上加强了降水。在200hPa，分别地，明确地，逆旋风、气旋的异例在西方、东方的高原上形成哪个在南部的中国上沿着东方TP和分叉提高向南方的冷空气侵入；在500hPa，在北高原上的山脉和在东方中国上的马槽被加强，沿着副热带的高度的西北的方面的西南的流动被加强，并且从高原的积极涡度繁殖到它的也下游地显著地被提高；在850hPa，低压的旋涡强烈发展并且移动东方当在南部的中国上的西南的低级喷气在CTL加强时，导致在降水区域上增加了水蒸汽集中和向上的运动。

简介：

简介：ByusingNCEP/NCARdailyreanalysisdataanddailyprecipitationdataof740stationsinChina,relationshipsbetweenthepositionvariationoftheWestPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH)andthediabaticheatingduringpersistentandintenserainsintheYangtze-HuaiheRiversbasinarestudied.TheresultsshowthatthepositionvariationofWPSHiscloselyassociatedwiththediabaticheating.Therearestrongapparentheatingsourcesandmoisturesinksinboththebasin(tothenorthofWPSH)andthenorthofBayofBengal(tothewestofWPSH)duringpersistentandintenserainevents.Inthebasin,Q1zbeginstoincrease3daysaheadofintenserainfall,maximizes2dayslaterandthenreducesgradually,butitchangeslittleafterprecipitationends,thuspreventingtheWPSHfrommovingnorthward.InthenorthofBayofBengal,2daysaheadofstrongrainfalloverthebasin,Q1zstartstoincreaseandpeaks1dayaftertherainoccurs,leadingtothewestwardextensionofWPSH.Afterwards,Q1zbeginsdecliningandtheWPSHmakesitseastwardretreataccordingly.Basedonthecompleteverticalvorticityequation,inmid-troposphere,theverticalvariationofheatinginthebasinisfavorabletotheincreaseofcyclonicvorticitynorthofWPSH,whichcounteractsthenorthwardmovementofWPSHandfavorsthepersistenceofrainbandsoverthebasin.TheverticalvariationofheatinginthenorthofBayofBengalisinfavoroftheincreaseofanti-cyclonicvorticitytothewestofWPSH,whichinducesthewestwardextensionofWPSH.