简介：Inthispaper,aneffectivemethodofsimulatingthespatialdistributionofclimaticelementsinmountainousareasbyusingthesemi-empiricaltheoryispresented.Asanexample,thespatialdistributionsoftemperature,vaporpressure,relativehumidity,windspeedandprecipitationintheJianyangregionandtheShaxibasinofFujianProvincearecomputedwiththismethod,andthesimulatedresultsareingoodagreementwiththeobservations.

简介：降水和联系的云水疗院流星有大时间、空间的可变性，它使预报的精确量的降水困难。因此，精确降水的依赖和时间、空间的规模上的联系的云模拟成为一个重要问题。我们报导由把控制实验与实验作比较在这个问题上解决当模特儿的分析的云由起始的温度，水蒸汽，和云条件使不安。仅当不安实验和控制实验之间的root-mean-squared差别比标准差小，模拟被认为精确。分析可以建议精确降水和云模拟不能同时在两好时间、空间的规模上被获得，它限制预报的量的降水。水蒸汽集中的精确模拟能在每日的时间规模上导致精确降水和云模拟，但是它不能对降水和云模拟有益在上时时，时间由于云过程的优势可伸缩。

简介：Time-meanglobalgeneralcirculationdataareemployedtoanalyzethetemporalandspatialvariationsofthemeridionalgradientofzonalmeanpotentialvorticity,thecriticalwavenumbern_sforhorizontalwave-propagation,andthecriticalwavenumberK_cforverticalwave-propagation.Therebythekinematiccharac-teristicsinthepropagationofatmosphericstationarywavesandtheirannualvariationsarestudied.Resultsshowthatinthetropospheren_sandK_cusuallydecreasewiththeincreaseofeitherlatitudeoraltitude.Synopticandnear-resonantRossbywavescouldbetrappedduringtheirupwardandmeridionalpropagations.Thesecharacteristicspossessprominentannualvariations,especiallyintheNorthernHemisphere.Itisfoundthatthespatialandtemporalvariationsofthesekinematiccharacteristicsareingoodagreementwiththoseoftheatmosphericwavepatterns.

简介：与51的数据在1954-2003期间在珍珠河盆在4月9月驻扎的降雨，我们使用了主要部件分析方法研究4月9月降雨的空间分发特征。结果揭示下列。在珍珠河盆，有不同降水，在4月9月从600公里变化到1900公里，降水从东南逐渐地减少到西北。标准差分发总体上从东方逐渐地减少到西方。珍珠河盆的降雨分发有五种主要类型：类型:在整个区域有洪水(干旱)，类型：在南方在北方和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)，类型：在西方在东方和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)，类型：在那里在在东方和西方的中央部分和干旱(洪水)的标志洪水(干旱)，和类型：在北方和南方在中心和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)。在整个区域的洪水(干旱)和在在南方的北方和干旱(洪水)的洪水(干旱)的类型就多于其它出现，是64%总数。从10年的移动一般水准，在在珍珠河盆区域的4月和9月之间的降雨在1983-1992主要是干燥的，这被看见，并且主要在东方弄干并且在1967-1971在西方弄湿并且在东方弄湿并且在1979在西方弄干。

简介：UtilizingtheJointTyphoonWarningCenter(JTWC)andTokyo-TyphoonCenteroftheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMARSMCTOKYO)best-tracktropicalcyclone(TC)datafortheperiod1951-2014,variationsinspatialandtemporalcharacteristicsofNorthwestPacificTCactivityforaglobalwarmingscenarioarediscussed.Theresultssuggestthatsincetheearly1960s,therehasbeenanoveralldecreasingtrendinthefrequencyofoccurrence,intensity,peakintensity,lengthofmovement,andlifetimeofTCs.However,globalwanninghasledtoalinearlyincreasingtrendinTCactivityineasternAsia,whichindicatesthatNorthwestPacificTCactivitydecreases,butthefrequencyoflandfallsandintensityarelikelystrengthened.Therefore,thethreatofTCstowardseasternAsiaisenhanced.TheincreaseinTCactivityineasternAsiaislikelytheresultofastrengthenedWalkercirculationduetoanincreasingtemperaturegradientbetweenthenorthwestPacificOceanandthecentralandeasternPacificOcean.ThestrengtheningWalkercirculationcouldincreasethemagnitudeoftheverticalwindshear,relativevorticity,andmeridionalwindshearoflow-leveleasterliesneartheequatorinthetropicalNorthwestPacific,whichaffectsthespatialandtemporalvariationsofTCactivityintheNorthwestPacific.

简介：Usingdailyrainfalldataof11observatorystationsoverShanghaifortheperiod1960-2007,thespatialdifferencesofrainfallovertheShanghairegionduringperiodswithslowandrapidurbanizationrespectivelyareinvestigatedbasedonspatialstandarddeviationofrainfallanditsrelativevariables.Resultsshowthatspatialdifferencesincreasewiththeaccelerationofurbanization.Spatialdistributionsofannualrainfallandrainstormfrequencyexhibitdistincturban’rain-island’featuresduringtherapidperiodofurbanization(1960-1983)whileitisoppositeinthecaseofslowurbanization(1984-2007).Changesinthespatialdistributionofannualrainfalltrendsalsotakeplaceduringdifferentperiods.Specifically,thevariationofannualrainfallexhibitsconsistenttrendsovertheShanghairegionintheslowurbanizationperiods.However,inconsistentspatialdistributionofvariationshastakenplaceoverthecentraldistrictsandsuburbsofShanghaiduringtherapidurbanizationstage.Sincethespeeding-upofurbanization,theannualrainfallamountovercentraldistrictsofShanghaitendstoincreasewhilethatinthesuburbsshowsadecreasingtrend.Inaddition,asfarasdifferentseasonsareconcerned,thespeedofurbanizationexertsinsignificantinfluencesonthespatialdistributionofrainfallduringwinterandspring.Onthecontrary,therainfallduringsummerandautumn(especiallysummer)isfeaturedwithanislandeffectduringtherapidurbanizationperiod.

简介：BasedontheNCEP/NCARreanalysisIdailydatafrom1958to2002,climaticcharacteristicsofthe30-60-dayintraseasonaloscillations(ISOs)ofthezonalwind(u),meridionalwind(v),andgeopotentialheight(h)overglobalareasandespeciallytheISOofvoverthesubtropicalnorthernPacificareanalyzedusingthespace-timespectrumanalysisandwavelettransformmethods.TheresultsshowthattheISOofvisverydifferentfromthoseofuandh,withtheformerrepresentingthemeridionallow-frequencydisturbances,whicharethemostactiveinthesubtropicsandmid-highlatitudes,butveryweakinthetropics.InthesubtropicalNorthernHemisphere,theenergiesoftheISOsofuandharebothconcentratedonthewaveswithwavenumberof1andperiodsof30-60days,whilethemainenergyoftheISOofvisconcentratedonthewaveswithwavenumbersof4-6andperiodsof30-60and70-90days.Thewestwardpropagatingenergiesforthe30-60-dayoscillationsofu,v,andhareallstrongerthantheeastwardpropagatingenergiesinthesubtropics.Inaddition,theISOofvisthestrongest(weakest)insummer(winter)overthesubtropicsofEastAsiaandnorthwesternPacific,whilethesituationisreversedoverthesubtropicalnortheasternPacific,revealinga'seesaw'oftheISOintensitywithseasonsoverthesubtropicsfromthenorthwesterntonortheasternPacific.InthesubtropicalnorthwesternPacific,theinterannualandinterdecadalchangesoftheISOforvat850hPaindicatethatitsactivitiesaresignificantlystrongduring1958-1975,whileobviouslyweakduring1976-1990,andarethestrongestduring1991-2000,anditsspectralenergyisobviouslyabnormalbutrulelessduringtheENSOperiods.However,inthe2-7-yrbandpassfilteringseries,theinterannualchangesofthevISOoverthesubtropicalnorthwesternPacificcontaindistinctENSOsignals.Andinthe9-yrlow-passfilteringseries,thevISOchangesoverthesubtropicalnorthwesternPacificaresignificantlyoutofphasewiththechangesoftheNino-3.4SST,

简介：Basedonthedailyprecipitationandtemperaturedataof97stationsinSouthwestChina(SWChina)from1960to2009,adry-wetindexiscalculated.Thespatiotemporalvariationcharacteristicsofdry-wetconditions,precipitationandtemperaturearestudied.Thentheabnormalatmosphericcirculationcharacteristicsarediscussedusingreanalysisdata.TheresultsshowthatSWChinahasexhibitedanoveralltrendofautumnaldroughtsincethelate1980s,andthisdroughttrendbecamemoresignificantearlyinthe2000s,especiallyintheeasternSWChina.Autumnaldry-wetvariationinsouthwesternChinashowedtwomajormodes:consistentchangeacrosstheentireregionandopposingchangesintheeasternandwesternregions.Thespatialdistributionofdry-wetanomalieswasmoresignificantlyaffectedbyprecipitation,whiletemporalvariationindry-wetconditionswasmorestronglyinfluencedbytemperature.TheformermodeisaffectedbytheanomaliesoftheprecedentSSTneartheWesternPacificWarmPool,theWesternPacificSubtropicalHigh,theEastAsianTroughandtheSouthTrough.ThelattermodeisrelatedtothewindanomaliesintheeasternSWChinaandtheverticalmovementinthewesternandeasternSWChina.Thesearethemaininfluencingfactorsfortheautumndry-wetvariationinSWChina,whichareofgreatsignificancetothepredictionofdrought.

简介：