江苏运河中学黄元嘴
as一词在高中课本中,看起来简单,但用法很多,经常出现,而又不易掌握。主要表现在词性多,词义广,用法灵活。现将其用法归纳如下:
一、as作副词,表示程度,意为“同样地”。在“as…as”,“notas…as”结构中的第一个as是副词,作“和/与……(不)一样”解。e.g:
①Jackisastallashisfather.
②Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishas/sofluentlyasyou.
二、as作连词,主要引导以下状语从句:
1.引导时间状语从句。与while意义相近,强调两个动作同时发生;或某事一发生,另一事立刻发生。e.g:
①Heshoutedaloudasheranalong.
②Iwasstartledasheopenedthedoor.
③Wegetwiseraswegetolder.
2.引导原因状语从句,与because的用法相近。
①Asitwasgettingverylate,wesoonturnedback.
②Wemuststopwritingnow,asIhaveratheralotofworktodo。
3.引导方式状语从句,作“正如,好象,按照”解。主要的句式有asif(asthough);justas;justas…as.e.g:
①WhenatRome,doasRomansdo.
②Wedofarmworkastheoldpeasantteachesus.
③Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.
④As(itis)inyourcountry,wegrowwheatinthenorthandriceinthesouth.
4.引导条件状语从句。主要句式有:
aslongas/solongas只要。e.g:
Aslongasyoustudyhard,youwillmakegreatprogress.
5.引导让步状语从句,作“虽然,尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。e.g:
①Childassheis,sheknowsalot.→Thoughsheisachild,sheknowsalot.
②Busyasheis,heinsistsonstudying.→Thoughheisbusy,he…
③Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulties.→Thoughhemighttry,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulties.
三、as作关系代词
1.引导限制性定语从句,用在“such…as”,“thesame…as/thesameas”等结构中,常译作“像……一样的人或物”,“凡是……的人或物”。e.g:
1)HewishedtobesuchamanasLeiFengwas.
2)Mybikeisthesameasyours.
2.引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句),意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以放在句首、句中或句末。e.g:
1)Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
2)Asiswellknown,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.
3.若非限制性定语从句位于句首、句中或句末,则用as来引导。e.g:
1)Asweexpected,hecompletedhistaskwithgreatsuccess.
2)ThecompasswasinventedinChina,asweknownow.
4.若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是besaid,beknown,beexpected,bereported,beannounced等结构时,不论是在句首、句中、句末,都必须用as来引导。e.g:
Asisknowntous,TaiwanisapartofChina.
四、as作介词
1.作“如,像”解。e.g:
①Theygotunitedasoneman.
②Shespokeofmeasherclosedfriend.
2.作“充当,作为”解。e.g:
③Asawriter,hewasfamous.
④EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguagebemostpeopleinAustralia.
3.as作为介词,常和以下动词连用。
regard…as,beknownas,consider…as,use…as,describe…as,berememberedas,workas,actas,behonoredas.
Weregardthesunasthesourceofmostformsofenergy.
五、含as的固定词组
1.assoonas→引导时间状语从句。
2.so/asfarasIknow→在句中作插入语。意思是“据我所知”。
As/SofarasIknow,hewillcomeherenextMonday.
3.aswellas→并列连接词组,意思是:“和,同”。当其连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语在数上保持一致。也可以和短语notonly…butalso进行替换。e.g:
Myparentsaswellasmyeldersisterenjoymusic.试比较下面句子:
Myeldersisteraswellasmyparentsenjoysmusic.
TomstudiesJapaneseaswellasChinese.
TomstudiesnotonlyChinesebutalsoJapanese.
4.aswell→译为“也,还”经常放在句尾。与too,also同义词。e.g:
Comehereearly,andbringyourbrotheraswell.
5.soastodosth./so…astodosth.→引导目的或结果状语。e.g:
Hestudieshardsoastopasstheexam.
Hewassostrongastocarrytheheavybox.
6.suchas→意为“例如,诸如”可用来引入同位语,举一例或数例说明它与之同位词的词所含的具体内容。
Therearedifferentformsofenergy,suchasheatenergy,lightenergy,soundenergyandetc.
6.asto(=asfor/asregards)关于,至于
Thereisnodoubtastohishonesty.
asmuchas/asmanyas“多达…,达到…至多”。e.g:
Hecanearnasmuchas500dollarsaday.
7.asaresult/asaresultof(由于……的结果),asawhole(就整体来说)/asfollows(如下),asusual(照常)/asa(general)rule(通常),asamatteroffact(事实上)/asabove(如上),assoonaspossible/asearlyaspossible,asquicklyaspossible。