简介：目的探讨白细胞介素18（interleukin-18，IL-18）对分泌性中耳炎（otitismediawitheffusion，OME）大鼠中耳微环境中核转录因子nucleartranscriptionfactorskappaB，NF-κB）及T辅助细胞（Thelpercell，Thelpercell）Th2-11hl细胞免疫平衡的影响。方法18只SD大鼠，随机分为OME模型组（A组）、IL-18干预组（B组）和正常对照组（c组）每组各6只（12耳）。A组和B组以卵清蛋白（ovalbumin，ovA）腹腔注射致敏后以OVA耳内激发制成OME模型，c组耳内激发以磷酸盐缓冲液（phosphateBufferedSaline，PBS）替代OVA。IL-18干预组大鼠，于OVA全身致敏及耳内激发的同时，在第1、2、7、8、15、16d给予重组大鼠IL-181μg加生理盐水0．2ml腹腔注射，对照组和OME模型组在相同时间点腹腔注射生理盐水0．2ml替代IL-18。采用HE染色切片观察各组大鼠中耳炎症细胞的变化，免疫组化染色检测中耳黏膜和骨髓腔中IL-4、IFN-γ、NF—KBp65的表达。结果B组中耳Thl型细胞因子IFN-γ含量较A组明显增高（P〈0．05），Th2型细胞因子IL-4含量较A组稍有增高（P，0．05），A组和B组IL一4含量均明显高于c组（P〈0．05）；Th2fFhl比值A与B组比较差异无统计学意义（P，0．05），但A组比值明显高于C组（Pc0．05）；NF-κBp65蛋白在中耳黏膜和骨髓腔中表达三组间存在显著差异（Pc0．05），B组NF-κBp65阳性细胞比率明显多于A组（Pc0．05），而A组明显多于C组（P〈0．05）。IL-18干预后OME大鼠中耳微环境中编码炎症介质基因表达的转录因子NF-κB活性明显增强，Th细胞过度活化，细胞因子过度分泌，其中IFN-γ合成显著增高，而IL-4合成也出现一定程度的增高，虽然一定程度上纠正了OME大鼠中耳微环境中的Th2／Thl免疫偏移，但是中耳变应性炎症并未得到根本缓解。结论IL-18对Th1和Th2细胞存在双向调节作用参与OME大鼠中耳变应性炎症反应：一方面，刺激Thl细胞�

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简介：目的分析听障儿童发／f／音的构音错误走向，探讨针对性的治疗策略。方法通过分析64名听障儿童／f／音的发音情况，总结其错误走向及声学表现，对其错误走向的成因进行临床分析；在此基础上，建立针对性的治疗策略。结果听障儿童发／f／音的正确率仅为48．44％，错误发音中以替代为主，／f／发成／b／（60．71％）或／w／（21．43％）是最为常见的错误走向，通过对错误走向的细致分析，建立了针对性的治疗策略。结论要想科学，有效地解决听障儿童／f／音的构音问题，治疗师必须在细致分析错误走向的基础上，建立针对性的治疗策略。

简介：Aratmodelofchronictympanicmembraneperforationwasdevelopedtobeusedinthesearchofnewmaterialsforthesealingoftheseperforations.AlongitudinalstudywascarriedoutinratssubjectedtoincisionalmyringotomyfollowedbytheapplicationofmitomycinCaloneorwithdexamethasone.Ratswerecheckedatdays3,7,10,14andweeklythereafteruntilperforationclosure,forupto6months.Theadditionofdexamethasoneisakeycomponentinordertoobtainachronicopening.Myringotomiestreatedwithsalinehadameanhealingtimeof8.5days.At8weeks,between62.5%and77.7%oftympanicmembranestreatedwithmitomycinCanddexamethasoneremainedperforatedandat6monthsthisnumberfellto21.4%.Thistechniqueisabletomaintainmosttympanicmembraneperforationspatentforatleast8weeks.Thisratmodelisadequateforitsuseinpreclinicalortranslationalresearch.

简介：Objective:EvaluatingtheauditoryfunctioninpatientswithchronichepatitisCtreatedwithsofosbuvirandribavirin.Methods:Thisstudyinvolved80patientswithchronichepatitisCwhoagreedtoreceivesofosbuvirandribavirin.Allparticipantsweresubjectedtobaselineotologicalandaudiologicalassessmentjustbeforetreatment.Theaudiologicalassessmentincludedstandardpuretoneaudiometry,extendedhighfrequencyaudiometry,immitancemetryandotoacousticemissions(OAEs)(transientanddistortionproduct).Accordingtobaselinehearingthresholdmeasurements,thestudypopulationwasdividedinto2groups.Group1included42patientswithnormalhearingsensitivity(250e8000Hz),andGroup2included38patientswithsensorineuralhearingloss.After24weeksoftherapy,otologicalandaudiologicalassessmentswererepeatedandcomparedbetweenthetwogroupsandbeforeandaftertherapy.Results:Post-treatmenthearingthresholdevaluationshowednosignificantdifferencefrompretreatmentevaluationatalltestedfrequencies.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenpreandpost-treatmentotoacousticemissionsresults.Conclusion:TherapywithsofosbuvirandribavirininchronichepatitisChasnonoticeableeffectsoncochlearfunctions.

简介：由杭州雅恩健康教育咨询有限公司与美国创新治疗师国际中心（InnovativeTherapists／TalkTools）合办的“OPT口部肌肉定位治疗-三部治疗方案工作坊”将于2012年9月15日～9月16日在杭州举行。

简介：Objective:Basedontheclinicalmanifestationsofahearinglosspatient,thePOU3F4genewastestedfordiagnosisofetiology.Methods:Acomprehensivephysicalexaminationwasperformedontheprobandtoexcludeabnormalitiesofotherorgans,anddetailedaudiologicaltestingandtemporalboneCTscanwerealsoperformed.GenomicDNAwasextractedusingtheproband’speripheralbloodleukocytes.Polymerasechainreactions(PCR)wereperformedinthecodingsequenceofthePOU3F4gene.DirectDNAsequencingwassubsequentlyappliedtoscreentheentirecodingregionofthePOU3F4gene.Results:Theprobandhadseveresensorineuralhearingloss.TemporalCTshowedbilateralcochlearincompletepartition,vestibuledysplasia,internalauditorycanalfundusexpansion,andcochlearinterlinkwiththeinternalauditorycanalfundus.Anovelmutation(c.530C>A(p.S177X))inthePOU3F4genewasfoundinthispatient,creatingannewstopcodonandwaspredictedtoresultinatruncatedproteinlackingnormalPOU3F4transcriptionfactorfunction.Conclusion:ThroughanalysisofthePOU3F4geneandclinicalmanifestationsinthepatient,weconcludethatanovelmutationmayhaveresultedinaprematurestopcodon,contributingtothemutationofPOU3F4gene.

简介：Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.

简介：目的观察Nucleus24CA型人工耳蜗植入后电极阻抗、行为反应阈值（T-level,T级）及最大舒适级（C-level,C级）的变化规律,分析其内在联系,探讨其对术后调机的指导意义。方法对81例植入Nucleus24CA型人工耳蜗患儿,分别在术中、术后1、2、6个月进行电极阻抗阈值测试,收集术后对应T、C值,并对其变化规律及相关性进行统计学分析。结果电极阻抗值术中检测最低,术后1月开机最高,此后逐渐减低（P〈0.01）;自蜗顶至蜗底各通道间电极阻抗值无显著差异（P〉0.05）。各电极通道T值、C值随术后时间延长逐渐增高（P〈0.05）,并与电极阻抗值呈线性相关。结论测定电极阻抗值是评估人工耳蜗刺激电极状态的有效手段;术后2月应同时调试T值及C值,此后则应对C值进行重点调试。

简介：目的用细胞学方法,分析线粒体DNA12SrRNA基因中C1494T突变在氨基糖甙类抗生素聋发病机理中的作用.方法从携有线粒体DNAC1494T突变的母系遗传性氨基糖甙类抗生素性耳聋的中国大家系选择部分成员,另外从遗传背景相同的正常中国人群选择对照个体,分别建立淋巴细胞系;并通过细胞融合技术,将淋巴细胞系的线粒体分别融合到缺乏线粒体DNA的p0206细胞中,建立相应的转线粒体细胞系;家系成员与对照个体的淋巴细胞系和转线粒体细胞系,分别在不含/含有氨基糖甙类抗生素(巴龙霉素)的培养液中培养,以倍增时间(doublingtime,DT)作为细胞生长特性的评价标准,通过计算在正常和含有氨基糖甙类抗生素的培养液中倍增时间的比值,比较氨基糖甙类抗生素对细胞生长的影响.结果携有线粒体DNAC1494T突变家系成员较对照个体的淋巴细胞系的倍增时间比值平均增加了24%,但不同家系成员的细胞倍增时间比值的增加程度不同,自10%至50%不等;而当细胞核遗传背景相同后,家系成员较对照个体的转线粒体细胞系的倍增时间比值增长30%,并且来自不同表型的家系成员的细胞倍增时间比值基本相同.结论线粒体DNAC1494T突变可以造成细胞对氨基糖甙类抗生素的超敏性,但其效应要受到核基因的调控.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigateimmune-relatedgeneticbackgroundinbilateralsuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL).Casereportandmethods:Thecaseisa45-year-oldmanpresentingwitha7-yearhistoryofbilateralprofoundSSNHL.Bloodbiochemicaltestingdemonstratedincreasedlevelsoftotalcholesterol(5.88mmol/L).TestsforhepatitisBshowedapositiveantibodyagainstthehepatitisBcoreantigen.ComplementC3wasbelowthenormalvalue,andcomplementC4andIgGwereinthelowerrangeofnormalvalues.CTimagesshowedanormalinnerearandvestibularaqueductbutroundwindowmembranousossificationonbothsides.Atotalnumberof232immuneassociatedgenesweresequencedusingthenextgenerationsequencingtechnique.Results:Mutationsweredetectedin5genes,includingthephosphoinositide3-kinasecatalyticsubunitdelta(PIK3CD),caspaserecruitmentdomain-containingprotein9(CARD9),complementfactorH-related(CFHR2),immunoglobulinlambda-likepolypeptide1Protein(IGLL1),andtransmembranechannel-likegenefamily8(TMC8).InthePIK3CDgene,aC896Tsubstituteinexon7wasdetected.Thismutationcausesprimaryimmunodeficiencyandisanautosomaldominantdisease.Conclusion:ThePIK3CDC896TmutationresponsibleforprimaryimmunodeficiencymaycontributetotheonsetofbilateralSSNHLwithsubsequentrapidprogression.