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简介：我们考虑订各采购某些操作到一个普通第三方的公司的多重制造商面对的问题的动态能力。在观察第三方的时间表的当前的状态之上，每个制造商与目的订能力联合最小化源于早交货的成立费用，缓慢惩罚由于订费用的迟了的交货，和第三方的能力。当做预定时，每个制造商评估二个其他的行动：还没保留能力的(i)由另外的制造利用了更早订了；或(ii)与另外的制造商的一个子集或所有形成一个联盟完成最小化联盟的一张时间表花费，即，为那个联盟的一张集中的时间表。后者实践肯定总体上有益于联盟；然而，如果他们的操作是太多推回来的任何一个，一些制造商可以招致更高的费用，或太早交付。为这个原因，做每个制造商的一个费用分配计划比不更坏他们将是当不同地行动时(即，参予一个更小的联盟或对他们的自己的利益起作用，)必须伴随为联盟的集中的安排。我们与可转让的用途作为一个合作游戏在制造商之中为这种关系建模，并且介绍最佳或启发式的算法个别地并且coalitionally达到最佳的时间表以及线性程序明确的表达发现一个核心制造商费用的分配。

简介：摘要ObjectiveTo establish the local data on the growth of ear in Hong Kong children and provide a reference for the timing of reconstruction in unilateral microtia.MethodsWe reviewed case notes of paediatric patients up to 18 years of age who had attended our Ear, Nose and Throat Out-patient Clinic from March to November 2017. We recorded the pinna length of these patients and that of their parents, compared the patients’ ear length against that of their parents, and investigated any discrepancy of pinna.ResultsWe recruited 226 local individuals (139 males and 87 females). The patients were divided into different age groups. The means of ear length of patients were compared with the mean length of pinna of their parents. Data of boys and girls are analyzed separately. Boys at 7－8 years old achieved 87.33% and 93.54% of their fathers’ and mothers’ ear length respectively. Girls at 7－8 years old achieved 83.00% and 90.80% of their fathers’ and mothers’ ear length respectively. Moreover, the average ratio of the length of left and right ear ratio is 97.3% in all groups of children.ConclusionsIn Hong Kong children, at the age of 7－8 the ear approaches the size of normal adult ear and is the feasible age with less asymmetry after reconstruction of the microtia.

简介：AbstractBackgroud:Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a difficult-to-treat syndrome where timely diagnosis and initiation of disease-specific therapies are pertinent to improved patient outcomes.Objective:To characterize the most common timeline for development of the clinical triad [asthma, nasal polyposis, and reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)], identify barriers to prompt diagnosis of AERD, and describe indications for an aspirin challenge to facilitate accurate diagnosis.Methods:Six hundred ninety-seven patients with diagnosed AERD and history of at least one sinus surgery to remove nasal polyps were identified in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital AERD registry. Patient reported age at disease onset of asthma, nasal polyposis, and age of first NSAID reaction were obtained from 2013 to 2019 at enrollment.Results:Of the 697 patients identified, diagnosis of asthma preceded diagnosis of nasal polyposis and first NSAID reaction, although there was considerable variability between patients.Conclusions:Prompt diagnosis of AERD is important for patient and provider education and improved care of this difficult-to-treat population of patients. Consider diagnostic aspirin challenge in patients without historical reactions to NSAIDs who have an otherwise compatible clinical history, specifically in patients who take daily low-dose aspirin, leukotriene modifiers, avoid NSAIDs, or who are severely symptomatic at baseline where it would be difficult to identify an acute worsening of symptoms.

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