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简介：AbstractImportance:Cochlear implantation (CI) is an effective therapy for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It remains controversial whether children younger than 12 months of age should undergo CI.Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CI in children younger than 12 months of age.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of clinical data of pediatric patients younger than 12 months of age who underwent CI and were followed up for 1 to 2 years. Patients’ developmental levels were evaluated by the Gesell score before CI. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded to evaluate the safety of CI. Auditory and speech abilities were scored by the LittlEARS® auditory questionnaire (LEAQ), categories of auditory performance (CAP), speech intelligibility rating (SIR), infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (IT-MAIS), and meaningful use of speech scale (MUSS) at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI. The associations between clinical characteristics before CI and postoperative scores at 1 year after CI were analyzed by the linear mixed-effects model.Results:Eighty-nine children (47 boys and 42 girls) were included in this study (mean age at CI, 9.2 ± 1.6 months). Sixteen patients were diagnosed with cochlear malformation and 16 underwent bilateral CI. No severe complications occurred in any patients. The mean developmental quotient of the Gesell score was 78.00 ± 10.03. The median LEAQ scores were 0, 5, 10, 16, 22, 26 and 30 before and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI, respectively. These findings implied that the LEAQ score greatly improved in the first year after CI. The overall CAP, SIR, IT-MAIS, and MUSS scores also increased with increasing duration after CI. No significant associations were detected between clinical characteristics (age, sex, implant number, pre-CI Gesell score, and inner ear malformation) and LEAQ outcomes at 12 months after CI.Interpretation:With increasing duration after CI, auditory and speech behavior dramatically improve in young children. Our findings indicate that CI is feasible for children younger than 12 months of age.

简介：AIMToevaluatewhetherindividualswithgastriccancer（GC）arediagnosedearlieriftheyhavefirstdegreerelativeswithGC.METHODS：Atotalof4282patientsdiagnosedwithGCatNationalCancerCenterHospitalfrom2002to2012wereenrolledinthisretrospectivestudy.Weclassifiedthepatientsaccordingtopresenceorabsenceoffirst-degreefamilyhistoryofGCandcomparedageatdiagnosisandclinicopathologiccharacteristics.Inaddition,wefurtherclassifiedpatientsaccordingtospecificfamilymemberwithGC（father,mother,sibling,oroffspring）andcomparedageatGCdiagnosisamongthesepatientgroups.Baselinecharacteristicswereobtainedfromaprospectivelycollecteddatabase.Informationaboutthefamilymember＇sageatGCdiagnosiswasobtainedbyquestionnaire.RESULTS：Atotalof924patients（21.6%）hadafirstdegreefamilyhistoryofGC.ThemeanageatGCdiagnosisinpatientshavingpaternalhistoryofGCwas54.4±10.4yearsandwassignificantlyyoungerthaninthosewithoutafirst-degreefamilyhistory（58.1±12.0years,P〈0.001）.However,thisfindingwasnotobservedinpatientswhohadanaffectedmother（57.2±10.0years）orsibling（62.2±9.8years）.Amongpatientswithfamilymemberhavingearly-onsetGC（〈50yearsold）,meanageatdiagnosiswas47.7±10.3yearsforthosewithanaffectedfather,48.6±10.4yearsforthosewithanaffectedmother,and57.4±11.5yearsforthosewithanaffectedsibling.Thus,patientswithaparentdiagnosedbefore50yearsofagedevelopedGC10.4or9.5yearsearlierthanindividualswithoutafamilyhistoryofGC（bothP〈0.001）CONCLUSION：Early-onsetGCbeforeageof50wasassociatedwithparentalhistoryofearly-onsetofGC.Individualhavingsuchfamilyhistoryneedtostartscreeningearlier.

简介：这研究的目的是在为前列腺癌症经历了激进的前列腺切除术(RP)的人关于瘤攻击性调查耐心的年龄的预示的意义。在这研究，我们考察了没有neoadjuvant或辅助治疗，在我们的机构收到了RP并且被跟随在上面的743个病人的记录为>；2年手术后地。为我们的分析，病人根据年龄被划分成二个组：更年轻(<；60年)并且更旧(≥；60年)。通过uni-和multivariate分析，包括生物化学的没有复发的幸存，与耐心的年龄，各种各样的clinicopathological参数的协会在所有病人之中被评估，并且病人根据他们的D'Amico风险分类被成层。在所有题目之中，更年轻(n=126)并且更旧(n=617)病人们没关于病理学的参数和生物化学的没有复发的幸存(P=0.288)显示出重要差别。为高风险的组(n=206)，更年轻的病人比更老的病人(P=0.017)有生物化学的没有复发的幸存追随者外科的更低的率，尽管没有重要差别关于在二个年龄组之间的各种各样的已知的预示的参数被观察。另外，multivariate分析表明年龄是在高风险的组(P=0.003)之中的生物化学的没有复发的幸存的一个独立预言者。我们的结果证明相对更年轻的病人与他们后面的RP为前列腺癌症执行了的更旧的对应物相比有可比较的生物化学的结果。在有高风险的疾病的病人之中，然而，更年轻的病人与更老的病人相比有更坏的生物化学的结果追随者RP。

简介：AbstractImportance:Congenital hemivertebra is commonly treated with posterior hemivertebra resection with bilateral transpedicular fixation. However, implant-related complications are common in children younger than 5 years old who undergo this surgical procedure.Objective:To present the preliminary clinical and radiological outcomes of children younger than 5 years old treated by posterior hemivertebra resection and 3-rod fixation technique.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2017, 14 consecutive patients of congenital scoliosis with 16 hemivertebrae were retrospectively reviewed, including 5 girls and 9 boys, aged between 25 and 55 months old (average, 37.6 months). All patients underwent posterior hemivertebra resection with short fixation with bilateral pedicle screws and a convex lamina hook. Surgical complications and corrective outcomes were assessed based on the clinical charts and spinal radiographs with a minimum 24-month follow-up.Results:The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 38.4° before surgery, 8.5° after surgery, and 8.7° at final follow-up. In the compensatory cranial curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 16.8° was corrected to 8.1° postoperatively and was 10.3° at final follow-up. In the compensatory caudal curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 15.9° improved to 5.3° postoperatively and was 7.8° at final follow-up. The segmental kyphosis was corrected from 13.5° to 0.5° and was 1.1° at final follow-up. There were no crankshaft phenomena, no proximal kyphosis, and no complications related to the instrumentation.Interpretation:Posterior hemivertebra resection with instrumentation with bilateral pedicle screws and a convex lamina hook can achieve rigid fixation and deformity correction.