简介：Whereasmuchhasbeenlearnedaboutage-relatedauditorychangesintheinnerear,relativelylittleisknownabouttheagingeffectsonthevestibularpartoftheinnerear-theperipheralvestibularsystem.Herewereviewrelevantliteraturewithregardtotheprevalenceofvestibulardysfunction,vestibularfunctionalandstructuralchangesintheelderly.Theprevalenceofvestibulardysfunctionincreaseswithage.Functionally,asageincreases,VEMPamplitudesdecrease,VEMPthresholdsincrease,VORgainofHITdecreases.Duetothecomplexityofthevestibularsystem,variationsinsubjectageandmeasurementtechniques,findingsinVEMPlatencyandcalorictestsareconflicting.Toaddressthis,adirectmeasureoftheperipheralvestibularsystemshouldbeapplied.Structurally,age-relatedlossinvestibularganglionandotoconiahavebeennoted;haircellchangesarenotwelldefined;whilesubcellularchangesremaintobeexplored.Defininghowtheonsetofvestibulardysfunctioncorrelateswithstructuraldegenerationwillofferinsightsintothemechanismsunderlyingvestibularaging.

简介：Throughoutthe20thcentury,RomanLawwasmainlyanenigmaforhistoriansandclassicalphilologistsalike.ItspositionintheFacultiesofLawasLegalHistoryandasystematic,andsometimesevensynchronic,perspectiveofmanyresearchersonlegalsourcestogetherwithself-referentialtendenciesmadeitappearaclosedsystem,eventhoughthenestorofAltertumswissenschaften,TheodorMommsenhadonceencompassedthetriashistory,lawandphilology,albeitwithhisowntaxonomyandconnectedwithhisliberalideasthatcanbefrequentlyfoundinhisRomischeGeschichteandRomischesStaatsrecht.

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简介：ThemaingoalofthisresearchistodeterminetheimportanceandprospectsofbioeconomydevelopmentinagricultureofUkraineforinternationaleconomicintegration.Actualreasonforthisresearchismilitaryoccupationofwestregionsandthemacroeconomicinstability.Availableresourcesformsupplypotentialforagrarianproduction,renewableenergy,andsustainabledevelopment.However,unemploymentoflabour,land,andcapitaldeterminetheinflationarygap,whichcouldbeclosedintwomainways:Theinnovativeeconomicgrowthinbusinessandhouseholds’sectorsinaccordancetobio-basedprinciplesandrationalgovernmentstateregulationwithfiscalandmonetarypoliciesinstruments.Theexternalandinternaleffectsofbioeconomydevelopmentintheagrarianresourcessystemaredeterminedinaccordancetostrengths,weaknesses,opportunities,andthreats(SWOT)-analysis.Europeanintegrationrequiresentrepreneurialinitiative,environmentalprotection,socialbenefitsinthesatisfactionofindividualneedsofthepopulation,modernprinciplesofcompetition,suchasmutualbeneficialcooperationandnewmarketcreationforfoodsecurityandhumanresourcesdevelopment.

简介：Epidemicsstillhappen,beingtheannualinfluenzaoutbreaksexamplesofsuchoccurrences.Toestimatetheepidemicperiodlengthisimperativebecause,inthisperiod,itisnecessarytostrengthenthehealthcare,throughextraavailabilityinhumanandmaterialresources.So,ahugeincreaseofexpensesoccurs.Asapandemicisanepidemicwithagreatpopulationandgeographicaldissemination,moreappropriatelythishappenswiththepandemicperiod.MainlyusingresultsontheM|G|∞queuebusyperiod,itispresentedanapplicationofthisqueuesystemtothepandemicperiod’sparametersanddistributionfunctionstudy.

简介：松锯工甲壳虫，Monochamusalternatus，在亚洲被认为是一个臭名昭著的森林害虫，vectoring侵略病原的线虫，Bursaphelenchusxylophilus，它被知道引起松枯萎疾病。然而，很少顺序信息都不为这向量甲壳虫是可得到的。这在它的免疫系统上妨碍了研究。基于M的transcriptome。alternatus，我们在M识别了并且描绘194immunityrelated基因。alternatus，并且从知道对入侵微生物展出有免疫力的回答的另外的种类把他们与相当或相同事物分子作比较。在M的通常认为的immunityrelated基因的更低的数字。alternatus被归因于更少Ctypelectin，丝氨酸朊酶(SP)和抗菌剂肽(安培)基因。种系发生的分析揭示了那M。alternatus有唯一的识别基因，galectin3，哪个没在Triboliumcastaneum被识别的orthologues，果蝇melanogastor，疟蚊属gambiae和Apismellifera。这为甲虫类之昆虫昆虫建议了lineagespecific基因进化。我们的学习提供M的immunityrelated基因的全面顺序资源。alternatus，为天生的免疫的分子的机制的更好的理解介绍珍贵信息在M处理。对B的alternatus。xylophilus。

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简介：Manylow-ordermodelingstudiesindicatethattheremaybemultipleequilibriaintheatmosphereinducedbythermalandtopographicforcings.However,mostworkusesuncoupledatmosphericmodelandjustfocusesonthemultipleequilibriawithdistinctwaveamplitude,i.e.,thehigh-andlow-indexequilibria.Here,alow-ordercoupledland-atmospheremodelisusedtostudythemultipleequilibriawithbothdistinctwavephaseandwaveamplitude.Themodelcombinesatwo-layerquasi-geostrophicchannelmodelandanenergybalancemodel.Highlytruncatedspectralexpansionsareusedandtheresultsshowthattheremaybetwostableequilibriawithdistinctwavephaserelativetothetopography:one(theother)hasalowerlayerstreamfunctionthatisnearlyin(outof)phasewiththetopography,i.e.,thelowerlayerridges(troughs)areoverthemountains,calledridge-type(trough-type)equilibria.Thewavephaseofequilibriumstatedependsonthedirectionoflowerlayerzonalwindandhorizontalscaleofthetopography.Themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesoriginatefromtheorographicinstabilityoftheHadleycirculation,whichisapitch-forkbifurcation.Comparedwiththeuncoupledmodel,theland-atmospherecoupledsystemproducesmorestableatmosphericflowandmoreridge-typeequilibriumstates,particularly,theseeffectsareprimarilyattributedtothelongwaveradiationfluxes.Theupperlayerstreamfunctionsofbothridge-andtrough-typeequilibriaarealsocharacterizedbyeitherahigh-orlow-indexflowpattern.However,themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesaremoreprominentthanmultiplewaveamplitudeequilibriaassociatedwithhigh-andlow-indextypesinthisstudy.

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简介：Inthispaper,theoptimalmaintenancepolicyisinvestigatedforasystemwithstochasticleadtimeandtwotypesoffailures.Thesystemhastwotypesoffailures,onetypeisrepairable,whentherepairablefailureoccurs,thesystemwillberepairedbyrepairman,andthesystemafterrepairisnot“asgoodasnew".Theothertypeoffailureisunrepairable,andwhentheunrepairablefailureoccursthesystemmustbereplacedbyanewandidenticalone.Thesparesystemforreplacementisavailableonlybyorder,andtheleadtimefordeliveringthesparesystemisstochastic.Thesuccessivesurvivaltimesofthesystemformastochasticallydecreasinggeometricprocess,theconsecutiverepairtimesafterfailuresofthesystemformarenewalprocess.Byusingtherenewalprocesstheoryandgeometricprocesstheory,theexplicitexpressionofthelong-runaveragecostperunittimeunderorderingpolicy(N-1)isderived,andthecorrespondingoptimalcanbefoundanalytically.Finally,thenumericalanalysesaregiven.

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简介：Arobustadaptivepredictorisproposedtosolvethetime-varyinganddelaycontrolproblemofanoverheadcranesystemwithastereo-visionservo.Thepredictorisbasedontheuseofarecurrentneuralnetwork(RNN)withtappeddelays,andisusedtosupplythereal-timesignaloftheswingangle.Therearetwotypesofdiscrete-timecontrollersunderinvestigation,i.e.,theproportional-integral-derivative(PID)controllerandtheslidingcontroller.Firstly,adesignprincipleoftheneuralpredictorisdevelopedtoguaranteetheconvergenceofitsswingangleestimation.Then,animprovedversionoftheparticleswarmoptimizationalgorithm,theparallelparticleswarmoptimization(PPSO)methodisusedtooptimizethecontrolparametersofthesetwotypesofcontrollers.Finally,ahomemadeoverheadcranesystemequippedwiththeKinectsensorforthevisualservoisusedtoverifytheproposedscheme.Experimentalresultsdemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheapproach,whichalsoshowtheparameterconvergenceinthepredictor.

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简介：Thispaperpresentsasemi-empiricallumpedparametermodeldevelopedforanalysingthedynamicstabilityandperformancelimitationsofapressurecompensatedvanepumpforanautomotiveapplicationwithlow-costcomponents.Themodelcalculatescontinuousdisplacementchamberpressureprofilesandinertialeffectsforthedeterminationoftheinternalforcesactingonthevanepump'spivotingcam.Measurementsconductedonacustomteststandwereusedtodefineanonlinearlyprogressivebiasspringmodelandablackboxrepresentationofthepumpcontrolsystemvalves.Analysisofthecompletemodelrevealsthattheperformancelimitationsimposedbythecontrolsystemvalves,intermsofsystemstabilityandachievablecontrollerbandwidth,aremorerestrictivethanthelimitationsimposedbythelow-costvanepumpandlimitthethatbandwidthto1.84Hz.Thecontrolsystemalsoimposeslimitationstothesystemperformancebasedonresonancephenomenawhichmaybesignificantinsomeapplications.

简介：Thecurrentstructure-preservingtheory,includingthesymplecticmethodandthemultisymplecticmethod,paysmostattentionontheconservativepropertiesofthecontinuoussystemsbecausethattheconservativepropertiesoftheconservativesystemscanbeformulatedinthemathematicalform.But,thenonconservativecharacteristicsarethenatureofthesystemsexistinginengineering.Inthisletter,thestructure-preservingapproachfortheinfinitedimensionalnonconservativesystemsisproposedbasedonthegeneralizedmulti-symplecticmethodtobroadentheapplicationfieldsofthecurrentstructure-preservingidea.Inthenumericalexamples,twononconservativefactors,includingthestrongexcitationonthestringandtheimpactonthecantilever,areconsideredrespectively.Thevibrationsofthestringandthecantileverareinvestigatedbythestructure-preservingapproachandthegoodlong-timenumericalbehaviorsaswellasthehighnumericalprecisionofwhichareillustratedbythenumericalresultspresented.

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