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简介：ThePhilippinedepartmentofEnergy(DOE)hassignedamemorandumofagreementwiththeJapanesegovernmentforaP33.SM(US$0.67M)demonstrationproject.The65kWmicrohydropowersystemwillbenefitabout200householdsinLeyte.

简介：AttheinvitationofNPOCorporationSekaiandthePhilippineCouncilofYoungPoliticalLeaders(PCYPL),a4-memberdelegationoftheChineseAssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAFIU)headedbyMr.KongGenhong,CouncilMember

简介：ThispaperhighlightstheresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesbeingdoneonurbanforestryinthePhilippines.TherolethatR&Dplaysinurbanforestryislikewisediscussedintheintroduction.Recommendedtreespeciesforurbanplantingarepresentedincludingtheircharacteristicsanddistribution.Researchesrelatedtourbanforestrybeingconductedarelistedwithashortdescriptionofeachproject.Developmentactivitiesonurbanforestryarelikewisediscussed.Finally,recommendedR&DagendaandresearchableareasbasedonthePhilippineAgenda21andtheDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(DENR)R&DFrameworkarepresented.

简介：UrbanforestryisanemergingscienceandartinthefieldofresourcemanagementinthePhilippines.Theconceptsandprinciplesarequitesimilarwithtraditionalforestrybeingbothresourcemanagementstrategies.Asascienceandart,urbanforestryneedstobeassessedastoitspresentstatus.Hence,inthispaper,IpresentedabriefhistoricalbackgroundabouturbanforestryinthePhilippinesincludingthepreviousandpresentefforts,policiesandprogramsrelatedtourbanforestryandtheextentoftheirimplementation.Ialsoincludedtheresultofmyassessmentabouttheinitiativesandcapabilitiesofthelocalagenciesspecificallythelocalgovernmentunits(LGUs)inMetroManilaonurbanforestry.Ialsoincludedthestatusofurbanforestryresearchincludingtheresearchgapsthatneedtobeaddressed.Somerecommendationsthatarelogicaltowardsustainabilityofurbangreenspacesarelikewiseenumerated.

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简介：Asynthesisofcrustalthicknessestimateswasmaderecentlyutilizingavailablefield,geochemical,seismicity,shearwavevelocityandgravitydatainthePhilippines.TheresultsshowthatasignificantportionofthePhilippinearchipelagoisgenerallycharacterizedbycrustwithathicknessofaround25to30kilometers.However,twozones,whicharemadeupofathickercrust(from30to65km)havealsobeendelineated.TheLuzonCentralCordilleraregionischaracterizedbythickcrust.AnotherbeltofthickenedcrustisobservedintheBicol-Negros-Panay-CentralMindanaoregion.ThispaperexaminestheinterplayoftectonicandmagmaticprocessesandtheirroleinmodifyingPhilippinearccrust.Theprocesses,whichcouldaccountfortheobservedcrustalthicknesses,arepresented.Thecontributionsofmagmaticarcsascomparedtothecontributionoftheemplacementandaccretionofophiolitecomplexestocrustalthicknessarealsodiscussed.

简介：MetropolitanManila,thecapitalregionofthePhilippines,initiatedurbanforestryprojectstoshowcaseitsenvironmentalbenefits.MetroManilawasonceapartofatropicalmangroveforestdominatedbysmalltreeslocallycallednilad(Scyphiphorahydrophyllaceae).Thefast-pacedurbanizationtransformedtheoriginalecosystemintoabustlingmetropolissubjectedtoenvironmentaldecay.Theestablishmentofurbanforestryisoneoftheinterventionssoughtbythegovernmenttomitigatetheenvironmentalconditions.Thus,theconceptofparticipatoryurbanforestrywasformalizedin1988bythenationalgovernment.However,itwasduringtheearlyyearsofthe1970sthattheideaofexertingcollectiveeffortingreeningMetroManilastartedthroughtheGreenRevolution,withtheprimarymotiveofupliftingtheeconomicconditionofthepeopleratherthanonecologicalenhancement.Theprojectwasforcedonthepeopletoplantvegetablesandfruittreeswithlessemphasisonforesttreesspecies.Althoughtheprojectwasnotsuccessful,thegovernmentrealizedthatthecitizenrycouldbeagreatpartnerforacollectiveworthwhileundertaking.

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简介：Objective:Lungcancerisoneoftheleadingcancersandmajorcausesofcancermortalityworldwide.Theeconomicburdenassociatedwiththehighmortalityoflungcancerishigh,whichaccountsfornearly$180billiononaglobalscalein2008.Thispaperaimstounderstandtheeconomicburdenoflungcancerintermsofdisabilityadjustedlifeyears(DALY)inAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingapore.Methods:Theyearsoflifelost(YLL)andyearslostduetodisability(YLD)werecalculatedusingtheformuladevelopedbyMurrayandLopezin1996aspartofacomprehensiveassessmentofmortalityanddisabilityfordiseases,injuriesandriskfactorsin1990andprojectedto2020.ThesameformulaisrepresentedintheGlobalBurdenofDiseasetemplateprovidedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Appropriateassumptionsweremadewhendatawereunavailableandprojectionswereperformedusingregressionanalysistoobtaindatafor2015.Results:ThetotalDALYsduetolungcancerinAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingaporewere91,695,38,584,and12,435,respectively,andthecorrespondingDALYratesperapopulationof1,000were4.0,0.4,and2.2,respectively,withadiscountrateof3%.WhenresearcherscalculatedDALYswithoutthediscountrate,theburdenofdiseaseincreasedsubstantially;theDALYswere117,438inAustralia,50,977inthePhilippines,and16,379inSingapore.Overall,YLLorprematuredeathaccountedformorethan95%ofDALYsinthesecountries.Conclusions:Strategiesforprevention,earlydiagnosis,andprompttreatmentmustbedevisedfordiseaseswherethemajorburdenisduetomortality.

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简介：REPUBLICACTNO.7638（RA7638)-anactcreatingtheDepartmentofEnergy,rationalizingtheorganizationandfunctionsofgovernmentagenciesrelatedtoenergy,andforotherpurposes.Thisactisalsoknownasthe“departmentofenergyactof1992”.

简介：AbstractBackground:Around the world, controlling the COVID-19 pandemic requires national coordination of multiple intervention strategies. As vaccinations are globally introduced into the repertoire of available interventions, it is important to consider how changes in the local supply of vaccines, including delays in administration, may be addressed through existing policy levers. This study aims to identify the optimal level of interventions for COVID-19 from 2021 to 2022 in the Philippines, which as a developing country is particularly vulnerable to shifting assumptions around vaccine availability. Furthermore, we explore optimal strategies in scenarios featuring delays in vaccine administration, expansions of vaccine supply, and limited combinations of interventions.Methods:Embedding our work within the local policy landscape, we apply optimal control theory to the compartmental model of COVID-19 used by the Philippine government’s pandemic surveillance platform and introduce four controls: (a) precautionary measures like community quarantines, (b) detection of asymptomatic cases, (c) detection of symptomatic cases, and (d) vaccinations. The model is fitted to local data using an L-BFGS minimization procedure. Optimality conditions are identified using Pontryagin’s minimum principle and numerically solved using the forward-backward sweep method.Results:Simulation results indicate that early and effective implementation of both precautionary measures and symptomatic case detection is vital for averting the most infections at an efficient cost, resulting in > 99% reduction of infections compared to the no-control scenario. Expanding vaccine administration capacity to 440,000 full immunizations daily will reduce the overall cost of optimal strategy by 25%, while allowing for a faster relaxation of more resource-intensive interventions. Furthermore, delays in vaccine administration require compensatory increases in the remaining policy levers to maintain a minimal number of infections. For example, delaying the vaccines by 180 days (6 months) will result in an 18% increase in the cost of the optimal strategy.Conclusion:We conclude with practical insights regarding policy priorities particularly attuned to the Philippine context, but also applicable more broadly in similar resource-constrained settings. We emphasize three key takeaways of (a) sustaining efficient case detection, isolation, and treatment strategies; (b) expanding not only vaccine supply but also the capacity to administer them, and; (c) timeliness and consistency in adopting policy measures.

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简介：<正>AttheinvitationofJapanNPO"theWorld"andPhilippineCenterofYoungLeadersinGovernance(PCYL),a6-memberCAFIUdelegationheadedbySecretary-GeneralNiJianpaidafriendlyvisittoJapanandthePhilippinesfromNovember1toNovember8.Duringthevisit,thedelegationhadextensivecontactsandexchangeswithpoliticians,NGOsandordinary

简介：AbstractBackground:Zoonotic schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the commercially available rapid diagnostic point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in detecting individuals infected with S. japonicum in a human cohort from an endemic area for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines.Methods:Clinical samples were collectedin 18 barangays endemic for S. japonicum infection in Laoang and Palapag municipalities, Northern Samar, the Philippines, in 2015. The presence of CCA in filter-concentrated urine samples (n = 412) was evaluated using the commercial kits and the results were converted to images, which were further analyzed by ImageJ software to calculate R values. The diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic POC-CCA test was compared using the Kato-Katz (KK) procedure, in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and droplet digital (dd) PCR assays as reference.Results:The POC-CCA test was able to detect S. japonicum-infected individuals in the cohort with an eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) more than or equal to 10 with sensitivity/specificity values of 63.3%/93.3%. However, the assay showed an inability to diagnose schistosomiasis japonica infections in all cohort KK-positive individuals, of which the majority had an extremely low egg burden (EPG: 1-9). The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in the total cohort determined by the POC-CCA test was 12.4%, only half of that determined by the KK method (26.2%). When compared with the ELISAs and ddPCR assays as a reference, the POC-CCA assay was further shown to be a test with low sensitivity. Nevertheless, the assay exhibited significant positive correlations with egg burden determined by the KK technique and the target gene copy number index values determined by the ddPCR assays within the entire cohort.Conclusions:By using in silico image analysis, the POC-CCA cassette test could be converted to a quantitative assay to avoid reader-variability. Because of its low sensitivity, the commercially available POC-CCA assay had limited potential for determining the status of a S. japonicum infection in the target cohort. The assay should be applied with caution in populations where schistosome parasites (especially S. japonicum) are present at low infection intensity.