简介：IranhassignedacontractwithunnamedforeignfinanciersforUS$300Mtofundtwohalf-finisheddamschemes,accordingtoTehranradio.TheschemesaretheOsturdaminMianehinEastAzerbaijanprovinceandtheMollaSadradaminFarsprovince.TheOsturdamwillhaveastoragecapacityof2Bm^3anda160MWhydropowerstation.

简介：Macroseismic紧张数据在可靠地震损失模型发展也在地震危险分析的过程起一个重要作用。这份报纸论述一个物理底的模型基于在时间时期1975-2013在伊朗获得的560紧张数据预言macroseismic紧张变细。几何传播和震波的精力吸收在建议模型被考虑了。求婚对工具关系容易简单地把紧张描述为时刻大小，到地点距离的来源和焦点的深度的功能。建议模型的预言能力借助于剩余分析被估计。预言结果与为意大利，土耳其，伊朗和中亚的另外的紧张预言模型的那些相比。结果在远处为学习区域显示更高的变细率不到70km。

简介：Seismicityparameters,i.e.,seismicactivityrate,X,theso-calledGutenberg-Richterbvalue(orβ),andmaximumpossiblemagnitude,Mmax,formajorseismotectonicprovincesofIranareestimatedthroughtheapplicationofKijkoandSellevolPsuncertaintymodels.TheuncertaintymodelsfacilitatedtheestimationofseismicactivityparametersfromincompleteanduncertaindatafilesinthecatalogofearthquakesinmajorseismotectonicprovincesofIran.Zagroshasthehighestseismicactivityrate,andischaracterizedbytheoccurrenceofmainlysmall-andmid-sizedearthquakes.KopehDaghhasthelowestactivityratebutischaracterizedbyagreateroccurrenceofmajorearthquakes.However,theMakranandAlborz-Azarbayejanseismotectonicprovincesaremostlikelytheregionswhicharecapableofgeneratinggreatearthquakes.

简介：SinceAugust2005,IranononesideandtheUnitedStatesandtheEuropeancountriesontheotherhavebeenlockedinarangleovertheIrannuclearissueandtensionhassteadilyescalatedtoacriticalpointasbothsidessticktoanuncompromisingposition.InearlierJune2006,inordertobreakthedeadlock,theEU,withU.S.blessing,onceagainofferedIrananewpackageofincentivesinan

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简介：TheGreekslegends,whichappearedontheParthiancoins,seemtobemeaninglessandconsiderasoneoftheambiguitiesinthehistoryofParthiandynasty.FromthebeginningoffirstcenturyAD,theGreekslegendappearedonParthianCoinsarevagueandonlyseemtobesymbolic.BytheinvasionofSakastothenorthofIranwhichledtoextinctionofthegoverningoftheGreeksinBactriaandpushedthembacktothenorthIndia,RomansfinallysucceededtoaddtheSeleucidasapartoftheirterritory,andleftthetradersinSeluciaandBabyloniainthewestandMargianaandBactriaontheeastunderdominationoflocalsratherthantheGreeks.InthisarticlewearetoinvestigateofdeclineofGreeksinBactriaanditsrelationtomeaninglessGreeklegendsonParthiancoins.

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简介：一个大问题在世界上影响大多数这些国家的Desertification过程。这个过程在干旱、半干旱的区域有高率。今天，人的社会作为引起各种各样的不可弥补的损坏到经济、社会的部门的一个严重问题正在遇到desertification现象。为了在另一个区域为他们的申请在不同地区性的模型的生产估计desertification结果，索引应该是re-investigated并且适应本地条件。几个模型为desertification评估被开发了。现在的学习，估计desertification过程在一个区域有的份量上的尝试在伊朗平凡的Sistan定位了(是的Niatak区域案例研究)由使用修改MEDALUS方法。获得的结果显示了整个学习区域的(包括4819.6英亩)，2651.56英亩(55%)位于中等desertification紧张班，1269.48英亩(26.34%)在严重desertification紧张班上被放，并且898.54英亩(18.64%)被放在改变严重desertification紧张班。

简介：AbstractPurpose:Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society. According to WHO, fall is the second major cause of trauma or deaths resulting from unintentional accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the different types of fall according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) in hospitalized patients visiting specialized accident and trauma hospitals of Mashhad, Iran.Methods:This was a cross sectional retrospective study performed between March 20, 2013 and March 20, 2014. The research population consisted of all medical records of patients for fall injuries in three specialized accident and trauma hospitals. ICD-10 was adopted to categorize all types of falls (w00-w19). The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.Results:Altogether 7,448 cases were included. The codes w18 (fall on same level) and w09 (fall involving playground equipment) with the frequencies of 1,856 and 1,303, respectively in both genders had the maximum number of falls. The maximum percentage of mortality has been related to "fall on and from ladder" ," fall from cliff "and "fall on same level involving ice and snow" .Conclusion:As falls can cause irrecoverable injuries including mortality of people, thus health authorities and policymakers should take preventive measures given the causes of falls and the root of this type of injuries, so that the costs resulting from this cause and its injuries can be reduced.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Developing a TBI registry could facilitate characterizing TBI, monitoring the quality of care, and quantifying the burden of TBI by collecting comparable and standardized epidemiological and clinical data. However, a national standard tool for data collection of the TBI registry has not been developed in Iran yet. This study aimed to develop a national minimum data set (MDS) for a hospital-based registry of patients suffering from TBI in Iran.Methods:The MDS was designed in 2 phases, including a literature review and a Delphi study with content validation by an expert panel. After the literature review, a comprehensive list of administrative and clinical items was obtained. Through a two-round e-Delphi approach conducted by invited experts with clinical and research experience in the field of TBI, the final data elements were selected.Results:A MDS of TBI was assigned to 2 parts: administrative part with 5 categories including 52 data elements, and clinical part with 9 categories including 130 data elements.Conclusion:For the first time in Iran, we developed a MDS specified for TBI consisting of 182 data elements. The MDS would facilitate implementing a TBI's national level registry and providing essential, comparable and standardized information.

简介：Influencedbythefinancialcrisis,theoverallbilateraltradevolumebetweenChinaandIrandecreasedby39%inthefirstquarterof2009;however,thevolumeofIran'sexportedcrudeoiltoChinahasincreasedby88%comparedwiththesameperiodlastyearuptoMayof2009,totaling308.8milliontons.Iran,astheworld'sNo.5crudeexporter,replacedSaudiArabiaasChina'slargestoilsupplier.Atthesametime,China,astheworld'sNo.2oilconsumer,nowimportshalfofthecrudeoilitconsumes,andhasbecomeIran'sthirdlargestcustomer.

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简介：U.S.sanctionsonIranhaveexpandedsincethestartoftheIraniannuclearissue.Theyhavegrownfromsmall-scaleembargoestotoday’ssanctionsonmultiplesectorsincludingfinance,trade,energy,andpersonnel.DuringU.S.PresidentBarackObama’stenure,thereisverylittlelikelihoodthattheU.S.willresorttoforce,leavingWashingtonwithnoothermeansthansanctionstopersuadeIrantochangeitsnuclearpolicy.Thismeansthatalthoughsanctionshavealimitedeffect,theU.S.willcontinuetoprimarilyrelyonthemtoforceIran’shand.

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简介：Since2003,theIrannuclearissuehasattractedworldwideattention.Thisistheworld’smostprotractedandmostinfluentialconfrontationbetweenasuperpowerandabigIslamiccountrysincetheendoftheColdWar.AstheIrannuclearissuehasabearingonthemaintenanceoftheinternationalnuclearnon-proliferationsystem,theUnitedNations,theInternational

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