简介：Thispaperpresentsahybridgradedelementmodelforthetransientheatconductionprobleminfunctionallygradedmaterials(FGMs).First,aLaplacetransformapproachisusedtohandlethetimevariable.Then,afundamentalsolutioninLaplacespaceforFGMsisconstructed.Next,ahybridgradedelementisformulatedbasedontheobtainedfundamentalsolutionandaframefield.Asaresult,thegradedpropertiesofFGMsarenaturallyreflectedbyusingthefundamentalsolutiontointerpolatetheintra-elementfield.Further,Stefest'salgorithmisemployedtoconverttheresultsinLaplacespacebackintothetime-spacedomain.Finally,theperformanceoftheproposedmethodisassessedbyseveralbenchmarkexamples.Theresultsdemonstratewelltheefficiencyandaccuracyoftheproposedmethod.

简介：作者学习格林通讯和伪--为在强烈分级的戒指上的不能分解的模块的格林通讯。动机是在分级的模块的indecomposability上调查正式就职和限制过程的影响。

简介：这份报纸的目的是描绘谁的世袭代数学的首先分级的Hochschildcohomology加布里埃尔发抖被承认有面向的周期。我们获得了的有趣的结论证明首先分级的Hochschildcohomology的标准基础取决于类一是的quiver一个拓扑的目标。在这份报纸，我们为在哪儿的世袭代数学克服古典Hochschildcohomology的限制加布里埃尔发抖被假定非循环。作为准备，我们首先在路径代数学和联系分级的谎言代数学上调查分级的微分操作员。

简介：用机能上地分级的材料(FGM)做的圆柱的壳的热弄弯行为被学习。材料成分由组成陶器并且金属。越过壳厚度的材料性质被假定以混合物的体积部分规则根据简单幂定律分布被分级。基于Donnell壳理论，以排水量部件弄弯的无尺寸的部分微分方程的一个系统被导出。变量的分离的方法被用来转变管理方程到平常的微分方程(颂诗)。一个射击方法被用来在边界条件的二种类型下面寻找微分方程的数字答案。幂定律索引，无尺寸的几何参数，和批评弄弯温度上的温度比率的效果详细被讨论。

简介：Crashworthinessofcellularmetalswithalineardensitygradientwasanalyzedbyusingcell-basedfiniteelementmodelsandshockmodels.Mechanismsofenergyabsorptionanddeformationofgradedcellularmetalswereexploredbyshockwavepropagationanalysis.Resultsshowthatapositivedensitygradientisagoodchoiceforprotectingtheimpactingobjectbecauseitcanmeetthecrashworthinessrequirementsofhighenergyabsorption,stableimpactresistanceandlowpeakstress.

简介：Koszul的概念微分分级(DG为短)代数学被介绍在[8]。让A是KoszulDG代数学。如果A的Ext代数学是有限维的，即，小模块k是在DGA模块的导出的范畴的一个紧缩的目标，那么，它被显示出在[8]那A有许多好性质。然而，如果Ext代数学是无限维的，很少对A被知道。是出现在[15](也参见提议2.2)，如果H(A)是有限维的，k不是紧缩的。在这篇论文，H(A)什么时候用Foxby两重性是有限维的由，被证明Koszul两重性定理也成立。BGG通讯的一个DG版本从Koszul两重性定理被推出。

简介：这个工作检验包含平行表面的板击碎，轮流出现的长度使遭到了到热震动的机能上地分级的材料(FGM)的破裂行为。在长、短的裂缝的尖端的热压力紧张因素(TSIF)用一种单个不可分的方程技术被计算。引起快克开始的批评热吃惊螖Tc用一个压力紧张因素标准被计算。为一个Al2O3/Si3N4FGM盘子的TSIF和螖Tc的数字例子被举在TSIF和螖Tc上说明热性质阶段，裂缝间距和裂缝长度比率的效果。为给定的裂缝长度比率，在长、短的裂缝的尖端的TSIF能显著地被减少，螖Tc能被介绍适当材料阶段提高，这被发现。TSIF也在裂缝间距与减少戏剧性地减少。在短裂缝的尖端的TSIF可能为在某些裂缝几何学条件下面的长裂缝比那高。因此，短裂缝可以开始首先在装载的热吃惊下面成长而不是长裂缝。

简介：在这份报纸，为包含一个裂缝的机能上地分级的脱衣的飞机弹性问题被考虑。这被假定shear模量相互是厚度坐标的线性功能，当Possion的比率保持不变时。由利用Fourier转变技术和转移矩阵方法，混合边界问题被归结为数字地被解决的单个不可分的方程的一个系统。压力紧张因素和紧张精力版本率上的几何参数和分级的参数的影响被调查。数字结果证明分级的参数，长带的厚度和裂缝尺寸在压力紧张因素和紧张精力版本率上有重要效果。

简介：掺杂物的热散开在产生塑料光纤的等级索引侧面的过程被调查。因为在高聚合物的散开系数被显示了强烈取决于掺杂物集中，与multistep核心纤维的光线的坐标变化在这个工作被允许。一个新奇多层的模型为与可变散开系数解决散开方程被介绍。它被有限差别方法解决。答案在纤维决定掺杂物散开侧面。它与传播侧面从文学和纤维的二个案例对一个答案被验证。应用程序在等级索引塑料光纤的二个例子上被演示，一个原来与有四步的核心的一个二拍子的圆舞和其它。结果显示更近到核心穿着的接口，有可变散开系数D的计算传播侧面比在热过程的一样的时间与经常的D获得的侧面接近目标侧面。

简介：我们调查了与不同联合的杂质总数做的水泥的机械性质。而且，机制被测试的版本，CT，和坚硬探索。结果显示出那充分染色锈并且出现染色锈的沙岩聚集当沙岩总数在水泥的最终的紧张上有更多明显的影响时，在水泥的压缩力量上有重要不利影响。具体快克是更多对敏感沿着表面膨胀并且界面的转变微坚硬不同总数的地区在是的减少的趋势被评价沙岩，板岩，SR沙岩，大理石，和FR沙岩。长像针的ettringite水晶和Ca的强壮的优先的生长趋势的簇生长(哦)2晶体将导致水泥的地区范围分别地与充分染色锈的沙岩和云石总数做了的更宽的界面的转变。因此，杂质总数内容应该严格地在总数选择期间被控制。

简介：Fromtheprocessofsedimentationthemathematicalrelationshipsamongdepositionvolumeandpowderpropertiesaswellassedimentationparameterswerededuced.Basedontheformulaamathematicalmodelwassetupandsimulatedthroughthecomputer.AtlastthevalidityofmathematicalmodelwassupportedbytherepresentativeexperimentonTi-MosystemFGMpreparedbyco-sedimentation.

简介：Inthepresentstudythefabricationofgradedcoarsegrainedceramicbodiesforrefractoryapplicationswasinvestigatedusingapressurefiltrationcell,whichusespressurizedairasthepressuremedium.Thepressurefiltrationcellwasusedtoexaminetheinfluenceofdifferentceramicrawmaterials,twodispersants,andoftheparticlesizedistributiononthefiltrationbehaviorandonthefiltercakesurfacequality.Pressureslipcastingofspinelbasedslipsresultedincrack-freefiltercakes,whilealuminabasedslipsresultedinfiltercakes,whichalwaysstuckontheusedPMMAfiltermedium.Furthermore,citricacidasanelectrostaticdispersantresultedinamuchlowerfiltrationcakeresistanceandhenceshorterfiltrationtimesthananelectrostericdispersant.Abroaderparticlesizedistributionwithahigheradditionofthefinestparticlefractioncausedanincreaseinthefiltercakeresistancebutalsoyieldedmuchbettersurfacequalities.Finally,gradedfiltercakeswiththreelayersofaluminarichmagnesiumaluminatespinelwithamaximumgrainsizeof3mm,1mm,and0.5mm,respectively,werefabricated.ThecomputedX-rayanalyzesindicatedaperfectbondingbetweenthethreelayers,whichisasignificantimprovementtopreviousstudies.However,thegradedfiltercakesexhibitedfrequentlycracksatthebottom,whichwasprobablycausedbytensilestressesfromthefrictionofthefiltercakeswiththepressurefiltrationcell.Thiswillbefurtherinvestigatedinsubsequentstudies.Theachievedresultsdemonstratethefeasibilitytoproducecoarsegrainedoxideceramicsforrefractoryapplicationsbypressureslipcasting,whicheventuallyallowstheproductionofcompositeswithtailoredcompositions,microstructureandfunctionality.

简介：州空间的方法被采用评估形式的参数机能上地分级，magneto-electro-elastic，和multilayered盘子。基于机能上地分级的材料的性质是指数的假设，作为州的变量拿结构的排水量和压力的结构的颤动的州的方程被导出。自然频率和形式的形状基于在这篇论文给的州的方程和边界条件的一般答案被计算。有弹性的排水量上的机能上地分级的指数的因素的影响，电，并且结构的磁场被与不同的叠假定一个三明治板模型讨论序列。

简介：Basedonthefundamentaldynamicequationsoffunctionallygradedmaterial(FGM)cylindricalshell,thispaperinvestigatesthesoundradiationofvibrationalFGMshellinwaterbymobilitymethod.ThismodeltakesintoaccounttheexteriorfluidloadingduetothesoundpressradiatedbytheFGMshell.TheFGMcylindricalshellwasexcitedbyaharmoniclineradialforceuniformlydistributingalongthegenerator.TheFGMshellequationsofmotion,theHelmholtzequationintheexteriorfluidmediumandth...

简介：Therelationshipbetweenthecriticalbucklingloadsoffunctionallygradedmaterial(FGM)Levinsonbeams(LBs)andthoseofthecorrespondinghomogeneousEuler-Bernoullibeams(HEBBs)isinvestigated.Propertiesofthebeamareassumedtovarycontinuouslyinthedepthdirection.ThegoverningequationsoftheFGMbeamarederivedbasedontheLevinsonbeamtheory,inwhichaquadraticvariationofthetransverseshearstrainthroughthedepthisincluded.Byeliminatingtheaxialdisplacementaswellastherotationalangleinthegoverningequations,anordinarydifferentialequationintermsofthedeflectionoftheFGMLBsisderived,theformofwhichisthesameasthatofHEBBsexceptforthedefinitionoftheloadparameter.Bysolvingtheeigenvalueproblemofordinarydifferentialequationsunderdifferentboundaryconditionsclamped(C),simply-supported(S),roller(R)andfree(F)edgescombined,auniformanalyticalformulationofbucklingloadsofFGMLBswithS-S,C-C,C-F,C-RandS-RedgesispresentedforthoseofHEBBswiththesameboundaryconditions.FortheC-Sbeamtheabove-mentionedequationdoesnothold.Instead,atranscendentalequationisderivedtofindthecriticalbucklingloadfortheFGMLBwhichissimilartothatforHEBBwiththesameends.ThesignificanceofthisworkliesinthatthesolutionofthecriticalbucklingloadofaFGMLBcanbereducedtothatoftheHEBBandcalculationofthreeconstantswhosevaluesonlydependuponthethroughthe-depthgradientofthematerialpropertiesandthegeometryofthebeam.So,ahomogeneousandclassicalexpressionforthebucklingsolutionofFGMLBsisaccomplished.

简介：Thebendingresponsesoffunctionallygraded(FG)nanobeamswithsimplysupportededgesareinvestigatedbasedonTimoshenkobeamtheoryinthisarticle.TheGurtin-MurdochsurfaceelasticitytheoryisadoptedtoanalyzetheinfluencesofsurfacestressonbendingresponseofFGnanobeam.ThematerialpropertiesareassumedtovaryalongthethicknessofFGnanobeaminpowerlaw.Thebendinggoverningequationsarederivedbyusingtheminimumtotalpotentialenergyprincipleandexplicitformulasarederivedforrotationangleanddeflectionofnanobeamswithsurfaceeffects.IllustrativeexamplesareimplementedtogivethebendingdeformationofFGnanobeam.Theinfluencesoftheaspectratio,gradientindex,andsurfacestressondimensionlessdeflectionarediscussedindetail.

简介：Thispaperreportsthatsingle-layerandgradedAu-TiO2granularcompositefilmswithAuatomcontent15%-66%werepreparedbyusingreactiveco-sputteringtechnique.Thethird-orderopticalnonlinearityofsingle-layerandgradedcompositefilmswasinvestigatedbyusingsandp-polarizedZ-scansinfemtosecondtimescale.Thenonlinearabsorptioncoefficientβeffofsingle-layerAu-TiO2filmsismeasuredtobe-2.3×1030.76×103cm/GWwithAuatomcontent15%-66%.Theβeffvalueofthe10-layerAu-TiO2gradedfilmisenhancedtobe-2.1×104cm/GWcalculatedfromp-polarizedZ-scans,whichisabouttentimesthemaximumβeffofsingle-layerfilms.Broadenedresponseinthewavelengthregion730-860nmoftheenhancedopticalnonlinearityofgradedAu-TiO2compositefilmswasalsoinvestigated.

简介：Lightpropagationinnanoparticle-loadedencapsulantsissimulatedbasedonthemethodofMonteCarlo,referringtothemultilayergraded-refractive-indexstructureforLEDencapsulants.Andtheinfluenceofscatteringcoefficientonthetransmittanceisanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthetransmittancedecreaseswithscatteringcoefficient.Foragivennumberoflayers,theencapsulantswillyieldmaximumtransmittanceiftherefractiveindexvalueofeachlayerisoptimized.Thenanoparticle-loadedencapsulantconsistsofmultiplelayerswithrefractive-indexvaluesthatgraduallydecrease.Thetransmittancewillbehigherthanthatoftraditionalnon-gradedencapsulants,andwillimprovelightextractionefficiencyofLED.

简介：Acomprehensivetreatmentoffractureoffunctionallygradedmaterials(FGMs)isprovided.Itisassumedthatthematerialpropertiesdependonlyonthecoordinateperpendiculartothecracksurfacesandvarycontinuouslyalongthecrackfaces.Byusingalaminatedcompositeplatemodeltosimulatethema-terialnon-homogeneity,analgorithmforsolvingthesystembasedonLaplacetransformandFouriertransformtechniquesispresented.Unlikeearlierstudiesthatconsideredcertainassumedpropertydistributionsandasinglecrackproblem,thecurrentinvestigationstudiesmultiplecrackproblemintheFGMswitharbitrarilyvaryingmaterialproperties.Transientthermalstressesarepresented.

简介：Thetransientfracturebehaviorofafunctionallygradedlayeredstructuresubjectedtoanin-planeimpactloadisinvestigated.Thestudiedstructureiscomposedoftwohomogeneouslayersandafunctionallygradedinterlayerwithacrackperpendiculartotheboundaries.Theimpactloadisappliedonthefaceofthecrack.FouriertransformandLaplacetransformmethodsareusedtoformulatethepresentproblemintermsofasingularintegralequationinLaplacetransformdomain.Consideringvariationsofparameterssuchasthenonhomogeneityconstant,thethicknessratioandthecracklength,thedynamicstressintensityfactors(DSIFs)intimedomainarestudiedandsomemeaningfulconclusionsareobtained.