简介：<正>Background:Significanteffortshavebeenmadetoidentifymodifiableriskfactorsofnon-contactanteriorcruciateligament(ACL)injuriesinmaleandfemaleathletes.However,currentliteratureontheriskfactorsforACLinjuryarepurelydescriptive.Anunderstandingofbiomechanicalrelationshipbetweenriskandriskfactorsofthenon-contactACLinjuryisnecessarytodevelopeffectivepreventionprograms.Purpose:Tocomparelowerextremitykinematicsandkineticsbetweentrialswithandwithoutnon-contactACLinjuriesandtodetermineifanydifferenceexistsbetweenmaleandfemaletrialswithnon-contactACLinjuriesregardingthelowerextremitymotionpatterns.Methods:Inthiscomputersimulationstudy,astochasticbiomechanicalmodelwasusedtoestimatetheACLloadingatthetimeofpeakposteriorgroundreactionforce(GRF)duringlandingofthestop-jumptask.MonteCarlosimulationswereperformedtosimulatetheACLinjurieswithrepeatedrandomsamplesofindependentvariables.Thedistributionsofindependentvariablesweredeterminedfrominvivolaboratorydataof40maleand40femalerecreationalathletes.Results:Inthesimulatedinjuredtrials,bothmaleandfemaleathleteshadsignificantlysmallerkneeflexionangles,greaternormalizedpeakposteriorandverticalGRF.greaterkneevalgusmoment,greaterpatellatendonforce,greaterquadricepsforce,greaterkneeextensionmoment.andgreaterproximaltibiaanteriorshearforceincomparisontothesimulateduninjuredtrials.Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundbetweengendersinanyoftheselectedbiomechanicalvariablesinthetrialswithsimulatednon-contactACLinjuries.Conclusion:Smallkneeflexionangle,largeposteriorGRF.andlargekneevalgusmomentareriskfactorsofnon-contactACLinjurydeterminedbyastochasticbiomechanicalmodelwithacause-and-effectrelationship.

简介：Manymoderncontrolapplicationsareinterdisciplinaryinnature.Varietyofdisciplinesareorientedonapplicationofcontroltheoryandmodelingofmechanical/biomechanicalsystemstosolvepracticalproblemsintheirspecificfields.Bearingthisinmind,thereareincludedinthisspecialsubjectsomeinterestingcontributionscoveringdifferentareassuchasbifurcationsandchaosindynamicalsystems,stabilityofdynamicalsystems,originalnumericalmethodsofvibrationanalysis,non-smoothsystems,engineeringsystemsanddifferentialequations,controlindynamicalsystems,asymptoticmethodsinnonlineardynamics,vibrationsoflumpedandcontinuoussystems,dynamicsinlifesciencesandbioengineering.

简介：Theforcedlengtheningofanactivatedskeletalmusclehasbeentermedaneccentriccontraction（EC）.ThisreviewhighlightsthemechanicallyuniquenatureoftheECandfocusesonthespecificdisruptionofproteinswithinthecellknownascytoskeletalproteins.Themajorintermediatefilamentcytoskeletalprotein,desmin,hasbeenthefocusofworkinthisareabecausechangestodesminoccurwithinminutesofECsandbecausedesminhasbeenshowntoplaybothamechanicalandbiologicroleinamuscle＇sresponsetoEC.Itishopedthatthesetypesofstudieswillassistindecreasingtheincidenceofmuscleinjuryinathletesandfacilitatingthedevelopmentofnewtherapiestotreatmuscleinjuries.

简介：客观：为了调查与外部fixator在处理期间测量主要axials火车的不同方法并且发现，合适的压缩在一个早阶段由外部fixator装载了。方法：十八只健康大耳朵的兔子随机根据不同测量方法被划分成二个组：组织A和组B。在组A，一个紧张计量器与502胶水在外部胫骨的外皮被加，并且在组B，一个骨头cement-coatedstrain计量器在内部胫骨的外皮上被安装。组A和B被划分成二亚群A1，A2和B1，B2，分别地根据一半并且与身体重量一样的压力。Z塑造左中间柄的胫骨的截骨术被externalfixator执行并且修理。结果：组A的sealer曲线在早阶段期间戏剧性地变化了。当后者紧张价值比前者高时，内部、外部的外皮的Thetrendlines在到达稳定的阶段以后一致地去了。到达最稳定的年龄的组B的时间是短的，但是它的绝对紧张价值是不到组A的。在他们被贴在稳定的阶段以前，当亚群B1和B2的结果是一样的时，亚群A1的拒绝的速度比SubgroupA2的慢慢地是更多。在它衰退了以后，当时，组A有一个上升趋势组Bdidn“t。在他们到达了稳定的阶段，两亚群A1和A2had以后一个衰退趋势当亚群A2比亚群A1快速是更多时，当亚群B2波动时，亚群B1在明确的水平被保留。结论：在外部fixatorcan下面的轴的紧张被骨头水泥测量在vivo的涂紧张的计量器。数据可以建议身体重量负担的那一半对外部fixator合适。

简介：对学习客观解剖并且cadaveric前臂的interosseous膜(马恩岛)的biomechanical特征。十radius-IOM-ulna结构从新鲜结冰死尸被收获测量马恩岛的腱的部分的长度，宽度和厚度的方法。然后，腱的部分与腱在测量以后属于的尺骨、光线的结束一起被孤立。半径的近似部分和尺骨的远侧的部分在牙齿的基础丙烯酸的树脂粉末被嵌入并且修理。嵌入的标本被MTS为全部张力的测试用10000N负担房间夹钳并且修理858测试机器。马恩岛以50mm/min的速度被拉长直到它被破裂。负担排水量曲线与一台计算机和最大的负担被描绘，僵硬同时被记录。结果前臂的马恩岛由三部分组成：中央腱的织物，膜的织物和背面的隶属于的倾斜的绳索。马恩岛在一个中立位置被拉长，并且在内转和旋后位置弯曲。当最大的负担的点到达了N到1021.50时，马恩岛的腱的部分在6个标本被撕碎吗？

简介：Objective:Toanalyzetheprinciplemechanismofthearcusplantarisanditsclinicalapplication.Methods:Thestatesofforcessustainedbythearcusplantariswereanalyzedandcalculatedaccordingtothemechanismofthequadraticparabolicarch.Results:Theaponeurosisplantariscorrespondedtothepullrodofthearcusplantaris.Themedialandlaterallongitudinalarchesformedbythepedalboneswerestablewiththerod,butunstablewithouttherod.Inthelattercondition,onloading,theforcesustaingedbytheparabolicarchbecameaforcesustainedbyasimplebeam,andthearcusplantaristendedtodisappear5andtobeflattened.clinically,240feetwithtalipesequinusweretreatedwithtriplearthrodesis.In34outofthereexamined156feet,theaponeurosisplantariswascutinadditiontothetriplearthrodesisandwasimmobilizedwithcastfor3months.Oneortwoyearslater,theirarcusplantarisdisappeared,paindevelopedwhenwalking,andsomeofthemwalkedwiththemidtarsaljointagainsttheground.Then,thetriplearthrodesisandshorteningoftheaponeurosisplantariswereappliedon18cases,andosteotomyofthecalcaneusandreconstructionoftheaponeurosisplantarisweremadeon10casesandsatisfactoryeffectswereobtained.Conclusions:Inordertoachievesatisfactorytherapeuticeffectsofthetriplearthrodesis,weshouldreestablishthearcusplantarisandaccuratelytreattheaponeurosisplantarisforthebalanceofthesurroundingmuscleforce.

简介：Traditionalbiomechanicalanalysesofhumanmovementaregenerallyderivedfromlinearmathematics.Whilethesemethodscanbeusefulinmanysituations,theydonotdescribebehaviorsinhumansystemsthatarepredominatelynonlinear.Forthisreason,nonlinearanalysismethodsbasedonadynamicalsystemsapproachhavebecomemoreprevalentinrecentliterature.Theseanalysistechniqueshaveprovidednewinsightsintohowsystems(1)maintainpatternstability,(2)transitionintonewstates,and(3)aregovernedbyshort-andlong-term(fractal)correlationalprocessesatdifferentspatio-temporalscales.Thesedifferentaspectsofsystemdynamicsaretypicallyinvestigatedusingconceptsrelatedtovariability,stability,complexity,andadaptability.Thepurposeofthispaperistocompareandcontrastthesedifferentconceptsanddemonstratethat,althoughrelated,thesetermsrepresentfundamentallydifferentaspectsofsystemdynamics.Inparticular,wearguethatvariabilityshouldnotuniformlybeequatedwithstabilityorcomplexityofmovement.Inaddition,currentdynamicstabilitymeasuresbasedonnonlinearanalysismethods(suchasthefinitemaximalLyapunovexponent)canreveallocalinstabilitiesinmovementdynamics,butthedegreetowhichtheselocalinstabilitiesrelatetoglobalposturalandgaitstabilityandtheabilitytoresistexternalperturbationsremainstobeexplored.Finally,systematicstudiesareneededtorelateobservedreductionsincomplexitywithaginganddiseasetotheadaptivecapabilitiesofthemovementsystemandhowcomplexitychangesasafunctionofdifferenttaskconstraints.

简介：对学习客观解剖并且biomechanical骶的小花梗和侧面的质量展示以便为骶的小花梗和侧面的质量的临床的螺丝钉固定技术提供参考。60成年病人骶骨和尾臀骨的螺线CT图象全部的方法A随机被选择。骶的小花梗和侧面的集体螺丝钉的入口点被决定，并且螺丝钉轨道用三个维的重建方法被测量。同时，粗野解剖在15个成年死尸标本被细看决定骶的小花梗和侧面的质量拧紧入口点。骶的小花梗和侧面的集体螺丝钉轨道的长度，宽度和角度被测量。15个死尸标本中的八个被选择测试骶的小花梗和侧面的集体螺丝钉的最大的抽取力量。小花梗和侧面的集体螺丝钉技术对待的15个盒子的临床的数据镇定、分析。结果S1-S5骶的小花梗和侧面的集体螺丝钉轨道的直径和长度是常规的，与大约20?牧潯敶吗？

简介：

简介：ImmobilizationusinglittlesplintisanoriginalinnovationofChinesepeopleforthefracturefixation,whichissimpletouseandclinicallyeffective.ItwasfoundthatChineseimmobilizationusinglittlesplintcanmakethenon-invasive,uncovering,andtroublefreehealingofbonefractureviaharmoniousunityofthestructurestabilityandtheforcebalance,ofthemotionstabilityandthestressadaptability,oftheconstantanddiscontinuousphysiologicalstress.ThebiomechanicaleffectofChineseimmobilizationusinglittlesplint,includingentirety,dynamic,andfunctionalfixity,istherootcauseofitsinheritanceandtheuseuptonow,andalsoisadirectionoftoday’sfracturefixationtowardspersonalization,individualityandentirety.

简介：Objective:Toexplorethechangesofbiomechanicalpropertiesofcorticalallograftindifferentmechanicalenvironments.Methods:Corticalallograftwastransplantedtoeachsideofthemidshaftdiaphysealulnaofeachoneof40rabbits.Thelefttransplantedallograftunderwentnormalphysiologicalload,whiletherightoneunderwentlowerload.Afteranimalswerekilled,specimensweretakenforexaminationofbonemineraldensity,boneporosityandmaximalthree-point-bendbreakingload.Results:Theunionstrengthofallograft-hostbonejunctionwasincreasedconstantly;meanwhile,theinternalcreepingsubstitutionledtoaninitialgreaterweakeningofthecorticalallograftitselfandalaterrecoveryofitsstrength.Incomparison,theunionstrengthofthenormallyloadedgraft-hostboneconstructwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthelowerloadedsideatthe8thand16theweekaftertransplantation.Atthe16thweek,therewasgreaterbonestrengthinnormallyloadedgraftthanthatinlowerloadedgraft.conclusions:Theinternalrepaircanleadtoinitialpreaterweakeningofcorticalallograftandlatergradualrecoveryofitsstrength.Theeffectofphysiologicalloadcanacceleratetheimprovementofthebiomechanicalpropertiesofallograft.

简介：客观：识别简历螺丝钉的放置的thoracicextrapedicular途径的机械可行性。方法：到T_8的从T_1的五新鲜成年cadavericthoracics松被收获。螺丝钉也被虱子的途径orextrapedicular途径插入。结果统计上被观察，由经由脊椎动物的sagittal轴的虱子的螺丝钉途径和额外的虱子的螺丝钉途径的撤退力量被测量并且比较。结果：在胸的虱子的途径，小花梗全体乘务员的撤退强度是220N(288.2-1561.7N)和胸的额外的虱子的螺丝钉的接近的1001.23N±was827.01N±260N当螺丝钉通过横向的过程被插入到vertebrae时，并且954.25N±254N什么时候拧紧，通过小花梗的侧面的外皮被插入到vertebrae。与虱子的组相比，在额外的虱子的组的撤退强度被4.7%inserted通过横向的过程减少(P>0.05)并且通过侧面的外皮(P<0.05)在17.3%插入了。由额外的虱子的途径的吝啬的撤退力量被11.04%作为与虱子的途径相比减少(P<0.05)。结论：当它是难的由虱子的途径插入时，在胸的脊骨插入虱子的螺丝钉机械地是可行简历到useextrapedicular螺丝钉技术。

简介：

简介：这份报纸探索生长在生物软材料的导致的词法不稳定性。鉴于生活纸巾的生长不仅改变它的几何学而且罐头改变它的机械性质，我们建议在材料的机械性质上合并生长的效果的一个精制容量的生长模型。在这个容量的生长模型和常规热压力模型之间的类比为小、有限的变丑问题被探讨，它基于建议模型为有限元素分析带大容易。导致的生长的例子出现起皱在软composites的行为，包括核心壳软柱体和三分层的软纸巾，被探索。结果和讨论在理解在软生物纸巾的形态发生和生长之间的关联预见模型的可能的应用(例如皮肤和肿瘤)，以及在评估，变丑和软人工的材料的表面不稳定性行为由swelling/shrinkage导致了。

简介：AIMTo分析在眼睛的biomechanical和眼睛的生物测定的数据之间的关联，在健康subjects.METHODSThree上由基于Scheimpflug的设备测量了连续大小用角膜的可视化Scheimpflug技术(CorVis圣)被执行健康眼睛上的设备和10个设备特定的参数被记录。Pentacam导出HR的参数(前面、以后的表面上的角膜的弯曲半径；顶端的pachymetry；角膜的体积；角膜的错误数据；前面的房间的深度，体积和角度)并且从IOLMaster的轴的长度(AL)与10特定的CorVis圣parameters.RESULTSMeasurements被相关在43个志愿者的43只眼睛被进行(年龄61.24楴湯污?H

简介：与优秀biomechanical相容性开发新钛合金是一个重要研究方向外科植入材料。现在的纸总结生物医学的钛合金的国际研究和开发。瞄准增加biomechanical相容性，它也介绍合金设计的探索和改进，机械处理，微观结构和阶段转变，并且以后最后为关于生物医学的钛合金的科学研究构画出方向。

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简介：道德认知不能仅停留于知识层面。它最终应该内化为学生的一种品质,升华为学生的一种精神,而传统的教学方法使学生获得的道德认识却难以实现这一升华。因此,我们在思想道德教育中必须融入现代教育理念,让学生从自身实际出发,以兴趣为先导,以内需为动力,以实践为载体,积极倡导自主学习、合作学习与探究学习。使学生的主体性得到充分的发挥,让学生在主动思考、写作探索、亲身经历中自主地去发掘,自主地去构建科学的道德认知,为自身思想道德素质的全面提高创设扎实的基础。

简介：

简介：AbstractBackground:Multiple techniques are commonly used for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, the optimum method regarding the fixation of PCL reconstruction after PCL tears remains debatable. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties among three different tibial fixation procedures for transtibial single-bundle PCL reconstruction.Methods:Thirty-six porcine tibias and porcine extensor tendons were randomized into three fixation study groups: the interference screw fixation (IS) group, the transtibial tubercle fixation (TTF) group, and TTF + IS group (n = 12 in each group). The structural properties of the three fixation groups were tested under cyclic loading and load-to-failure. The slippage after the cyclic loading test and the stiffness and ultimate failure load after load-to-failure testing were recorded.Results:After 1000 cycles of cyclic testing, no significant difference was observed in graft slippage among the three groups. For load-to-failure testing, the TTF + IS group showed a higher ultimate failure load than the TTF group and the IS group (876.34 ± 58.78 N vs. 660.92 ± 77.74 N [P < 0.001] vs. 556.49 ± 65.33 N [P < 0.001]). The stiffness in the TTF group was significantly lower than that in the IS group and the TTF + IS group (92.77 ± 20.16 N/mm in the TTF group vs. 120.27 ± 15.66 N/m in the IS group [P = 0.001] and 131.79 ± 17.95 N/mm in the TTF + IS group [P < 0.001]). No significant difference in the mean stiffness was found between the IS group and the TTF + IS group (P = 0.127).Conclusions:In this biomechanical study, supplementary fixation with transtibial tubercle sutures increased the ultimate failure load during load-to-failure testing for PCL reconstruction.