简介：目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因（pEGFP）的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot（蛋白质印迹）方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa～95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白（～76kDa）相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml（PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位）。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。

简介：摘要目的研究“集中培训+交流合作+自主发展”干预模式在预防糖尿病足中的应用效果。方法选择158例2型糖尿病合并糖尿病高危足患者为研究对象，随机分为观察组和对照组各79例，对照组实施糖尿病常规护理，观察组施行“集中培训+交流合作+自主发展”的干预模式。结果观察组在遵医用药、足部护理、血糖监测、饮食控制、加强运动各维度得分、糖尿病足知识及足部自我护理优良率均高于对照组，糖尿病足发生率(1.27%)明显低于对照组(8.86%)（P<0.05）。结论“集中培训+交流合作+自主发展”干预模式能提高2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平，有效预防糖尿病足的发生。

简介：Managingmicrotiapatientsisalwaysachallenge.Multidisciplinaryapproach,goodfamilysupport,wellestablisheddoctorepatientrelationshipandwellorganisedpatient-supportgroupsaretheessentialelementsforsuccess.Withtheadvancementofimplantablehearingdevices,moreoptionswillbeavailableforthemicrotiapatients.Otologistsplayaleadingroleinthewholemanagementprocess.Theynotonlyprovideproperguidancetothepatientsinchoosingthecorrectpathofthetreatment,butalsoplayakeyroleinorganisingandmaintainingacosteffectivemultidisciplinaryrehabilitationteamforthemicrotiapatients.

简介：Applicationofsurgicalendoscope,usedaloneorincombinationwiththesurgicalmicroscope,fortheoperativemanagementofearandtemporalboneconditionsmayallowimprovedaccessandclearanceofdisease.Preservationofnormalstructuresmayalsobeimproved.Astheuseofthistoolisincreasing,theneedforbetterunderstandingoftheanatomyoftheearisbecomingevident.Thisisparticularlysoforendoscopicsurgeryaimingatremovaloflesionsinvolvingtheinfra-cochlearcorridorand/orpetrousapex.Humantemporalbone-derivedlabyrinthcasts(molds),originallymadeforendolymphaticductandsacanalysiswhichgenuinelyrepresentthemembranouslabyrinthanditsadjacentsofttissues,weremorphometricallyanalyzedintermsoftheanatomicrelationsbetweenstructuresinandaroundtheinfra-cochlearcorridor.Thedistancebetweenthepetrouscarotidartery(PCA)andthebasalturnofthecochlea,thedistancebetweenPCAandinfra-cochlearvein(ICV)/cochlearaqueduct(CA),andthedistancebetweenthelowersurfaceofbasalcochlearturnandthepointwherethecarotidarteryandjugularvein(JV)meetclosetothejugularforamen,weremeasuredtobearound1.3mm,6mmand8mmrespectively,thusconstitutinganapproximate68mm2infra-cochlearcorridor.Thisanalysisandfurtherstudywithlargersamplesmightbehelpfulforoperationviathiscorridorledtothepetrousapexwherecholesterolgranuloma,cholesteatomaandotherlesionsarenotuncommon.

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简介：Recently,thehumancochleahasbeenshowntocontainnumerousresidentmacrophagesundersteady-state.Themacrophagesaccumulateinthestriavascularis,amongtheauditorynerves,andarealsospottedinthehumanorganofCorti.ThesemacrophagesmayprocessantigensreachingthecochleabyinvasionofpathogensandinsertionofCIelectrode.Thus,macrophagesexecuteaninnate,andpossiblyanadaptiveimmunity.Here,wedescribethemolecularmarkersCD4andCD8ofTcells,macrophagemarkersMHCⅡandCD11b,aswellasthemicroglialmarkersTEME119andP2Y12,inthehumancochlea.Immunohistochemistryandtheadvantageoussuper-resolutionstructuredilluminationmicroscopy(SR-SIM)wereusedinthestudy.CD4~+andCD8~+cellswerefoundinthehumancochleae.Theywereseeninthemodiolusinasubstantialnumberadjacenttothevessels,intheperipheralregionoftheRosenthal’scanal,andoccasionallyinthespiralligament.Whilethereareasurprisinglylargenumberofmacrophagesinthestriavascularisaswellasbetweentheauditoryneurons,CD4~+andCD8~+cellsarehardlyseenintheseareas,andneitherareseenintheorganofCorti.Inthemodiolus,macrophages,CD4~+andCD8~+cellsappearedofteninclusters.InteractionbetweenthesedifferentcellswaseasilyobservedwithSR-SIM,showingcloselyplacedcellbodies,andtheprocessesfrommacrophagesreachingoutandtouchingthelymphocytes.OtherwisetheCD4~+andCD8~+cellsinhumancochleartissuearediscretelyscattered.Thepossiblerolesoftheseimmunecellsarespeculated.

简介：目的探索不同f2/f1比值对DPOAEs幅值的影响,寻找最佳的测试参数,以得到最大的DPOAEs测值.方法对12例(24耳)正常青年人进行不同f2/f1比值条件下的DPOAEs幅值测试.结果当f1/f1=1.220时,DPOAEs幅值最大(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).当f2/f1=1.232时,除了f2=2002Hz处以外,其DPOAEs幅值与f2/f1=1.220时无显著性差异(P＞0.05).其他f2/f1值的DPOAEs幅值均较低,多数测值与f2/f1=1.220时相比均有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论f2/f1=1.220～1.232时,DPOAEs测值最大,此范围为最佳测试参数值.

简介：目的分析听障儿童发／f／音的构音错误走向，探讨针对性的治疗策略。方法通过分析64名听障儿童／f／音的发音情况，总结其错误走向及声学表现，对其错误走向的成因进行临床分析；在此基础上，建立针对性的治疗策略。结果听障儿童发／f／音的正确率仅为48．44％，错误发音中以替代为主，／f／发成／b／（60．71％）或／w／（21．43％）是最为常见的错误走向，通过对错误走向的细致分析，建立了针对性的治疗策略。结论要想科学，有效地解决听障儿童／f／音的构音问题，治疗师必须在细致分析错误走向的基础上，建立针对性的治疗策略。

简介：遗传性耳聋是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一，根据是否合并其他系统器官疾病，分为综合征性耳聋和非综合征性耳聋，而非综合征性耳聋具有很高的遗传异质性。迄今为止，常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋（DFNA）已成功定位了64个位点，24个基因（HereditaryHearingLossHomepage：http：／／webhost．ua．8C．be／hhh／）。第五个常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋基因DFNA5（OMIM600994）于1995年在一个高频进展性听力下降的荷兰家系中首先定位在7p15，

简介：患者陈女士，58岁，汉族，河南省人，职员。以“左耳搏动性耳鸣5年”主诉入院。患者于5年前劳累后逐渐出现左侧搏动性耳鸣，持续性，似“火车车轮声”，与心脏跳动一致，仅患者本人可闻及，改变头位对耳鸣无影响，但手指压迫左侧颈部后耳鸣可暂时消失，发病后左耳听力逐渐降低。

简介：Objective:Basedontheclinicalmanifestationsofahearinglosspatient,thePOU3F4genewastestedfordiagnosisofetiology.Methods:Acomprehensivephysicalexaminationwasperformedontheprobandtoexcludeabnormalitiesofotherorgans,anddetailedaudiologicaltestingandtemporalboneCTscanwerealsoperformed.GenomicDNAwasextractedusingtheproband’speripheralbloodleukocytes.Polymerasechainreactions(PCR)wereperformedinthecodingsequenceofthePOU3F4gene.DirectDNAsequencingwassubsequentlyappliedtoscreentheentirecodingregionofthePOU3F4gene.Results:Theprobandhadseveresensorineuralhearingloss.TemporalCTshowedbilateralcochlearincompletepartition,vestibuledysplasia,internalauditorycanalfundusexpansion,andcochlearinterlinkwiththeinternalauditorycanalfundus.Anovelmutation(c.530C>A(p.S177X))inthePOU3F4genewasfoundinthispatient,creatingannewstopcodonandwaspredictedtoresultinatruncatedproteinlackingnormalPOU3F4transcriptionfactorfunction.Conclusion:ThroughanalysisofthePOU3F4geneandclinicalmanifestationsinthepatient,weconcludethatanovelmutationmayhaveresultedinaprematurestopcodon,contributingtothemutationofPOU3F4gene.

简介：6年前感冒后再次出现左耳流脓,并伴有耳痛、头痛、听力下降,自服“消炎药”后症状缓解。患者李女士,75岁,汉族,山东人,以“左侧中耳炎、胆脂瘤多次手术后耳痛、流脓5月余”之主诉入院。患者自幼左耳反复流脓,滴药后可缓解,不伴明显听力下降、耳痛等。

简介：目的考察3～5岁听障儿童的气质特点及其影响因素，为康复训练提供参考依据。方法选取111名3～5岁听障儿童，采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷施测。结果3～5岁听障儿童在气质各维度上的表现倾向不同（P〈0．05），适应度维度得分最高，其次为趋避性、心境、注意分散度和规律性，注意力持久性和反应阂得分最低。儿童性别、主要照顾人及其受教育水平、职业、家庭结构对听障儿童气质的多个维度具有显著影响（P〈0．05），主要表现在反应强度、注意力持久性、规律性、注意分散度、活动量、心境和适应度维度；助听设备和康复时间对听障儿童气质特点影响不明显（P〉0．05）。结论3～5岁听障儿童的气质受家庭、社会环境等多方面因素影响，但在具体特征上有其独特性。

简介：ObjectiveChronictinnitusisahighlyprevalentconditionandhasbeenhypothesizedtoresultfromaninnatedisturbanceincentralnervousserotonergictransmission.Giventhefrequentcomorbiditywithmajordepressionandanxiety,wearguethatcandidategenesforthesedisordersarelikelytooverlap.Thepresentstudyaddressesthegeneencodingforthe5-HT1Areceptorasaputativeriskfactorfortinnitus.MethodsIn88subjectswithadiagnosisofchronicsubjectivetinnituswhounderwentadetailedneurootologicalexamination,theentire5-HT1AgenewasamplifiedusingoverlappingPCRproducts.Ampliconswerecustomsequencedbidirectionallyandwerescreenedforvariantsinmultiplealignmentsagainstthehumangenomereference.ResultsWeidentifiedasynonymousC>Texchangeatresidue184(Pro)in7/88subjects,butdetectednomissensevariantsinthepopulationunderstudy.Specifically,thefollowingresidueswerefullyconserved:16(Pro),22(Gly),28(Ile),98(Val),220(Arg),267(Val),273(Gly),and418(Asn).DiscussionThepresentdatacountagainstthecausationofchronictinnitusbyachangeinthe5-HT1Areceptor'saminoacidsequence.However,theallelefrequencyforthe184Prominorallele(0.04)reachedtwicethefrequencyreportedincontrolcohortsfromthesameethnicity.Additionalinvestigationsareinvitedtoclarifytheroleofthe5-HT1Apolymorphisminlargersamples,andtocontrolforcomorbidaffectivedisorders.

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简介：目的：探讨中国人X连锁Alport综合征患者的听力表型与皮肤组织Ⅳ型胶原α5链表达的关系。方法收集2008年8月至2013年8月期间确诊为X连锁Alport综合征的31例患者临床资料，采用纯音听阈测试或ABR＋40Hz相关电位检查＋声导抗＋耳声发射的方式进行听力评估，并采用免疫组化染色检测皮肤组织基膜Ⅳ型胶原α5链的表达，采用Pearson相关分析方法分析二者的关系。结果31例X连锁Alport综合征中听力下降患者均表现为轻、中度感音神经性聋。听觉损害共28例（90.3%），其中22例男性中中度12例，轻度5例，轻微损害5例；女性6例，轻度3例，轻微损害3例。按皮肤Ⅳ胶原α5链染色分级,阴性17例均为男性，其中听力正常4例（3例OAE异常），听力下降13例（轻度4例，中度9例）；大部阴性与可疑阳性各1例，均为男性，分别为中度和轻度；连续＆#177;2例（男性），正常和中度各1例；间断阳性3例均为女性，均为正常或轻度；连续＋＋7例（男3,女4），其中听力正常4例，听力下降3例（2例轻度，1例中度）。染色阴性的11例听力下降患者听阈与年龄呈正相关（P=0.043，r=0.616）。结论X连锁Alport综合征患者皮肤组织Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达男性低于女性，听力表现与皮肤组织Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达有一定的关系，其中Ⅳ胶原α5链表达阴性的患者听力下降程度与年龄存在相关性，但也存在听力正常的患者，说明还有其他因素影响患者的听力。皮肤组织中Ⅳ胶原α5链表达在一定程度上能反映耳蜗基底膜中Ⅳ胶原α5链的表达和功能。

简介：Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.

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