简介：Intermsofenergyuseandcarbonfootprint,itistheprimaryprocessesofironmakingandsteelmakingthatcommandmostattentioninourindustry.Therollingmills,althoughenergy-intensivebycomparisonwithmostindustrialfinishingoperations,areoftenoverlookedwhenasteelcompanyconsidersitsenvironmentalresponsibilitiesanditsenergy-savingopportunities.Thehighgearingofenergyconsumptionoftheprimaryprocessesoverthefinishingprocesseshasanimportantconsequence,however.Thekeytogreenrollingisasmuchaboutyield(andavoidingtheremeltingofscrap)asitisaboutdirectenergyuse.Thispaperusesaprojectcasestudy,thedesignandcommissioningoftheEndlessStripProcessing(ESP)plantofArvediinItalytoillustratehowmodernrollingmillsarecontributingtoagreenersteelindustry.Therelevanttechnicalfeaturesincludetheenergysavingsimplicitinnear-netshapecastingandindirectrolling,withoutintermediatereheating,advancesindriveandpowerconversiontechnologiesandtheaforementionedconceptofenergysavingthroughyieldmaximisation.Somenotableco-operativeeffortstowardsgreenerrollingarealsoexplained,includinguniversitycollaborationsandinparticulartheWellMet2050projectattheUniversityofCambridge.Inconclusion,thegreencredentialsofsteelusageingeneralindustryareconsideredandkeymessagesfortheengineeringcommunityaresought.

简介：Steelplaysavitalroleineveryfacetofourlife.LikeDNAinourbody,steelplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofanysociety.Frominfrastructure,defence,transportation,research&developmentandevenindaytodaylife,everywheresteelisused.Percapitaconsumptionofsteelistreatedasanimportantindexforthesocioeconomicdevelopmentofanycountry.Therapidandcontinuinggrowthofsteelindustryduringlastfewdecadesbearstestimonytotheindispensabilityofsteelasavitalresourceforeconomicdevelopment.Thoughsteelasaproductisecofriendly,theprocessofmakingsteelisassociatedwithlotofenergyandenvironmentalramifications.AccordingtoInternationalEnergyOutlook2009,ironandsteelindustryaccountforabout20%ofthetotalindustrialenergyconsumption.Hencethisindustrialsectorcanplayapivotalroletoinfluencetheenergyandenvironmentalscenarioofanycountry.Asaresponsiblecorporatecitizen,SteelAuthorityofIndiaLimited,thelargeststeelproducerinIndia,hastakenvariousinitiativesovertheyearstowardstheprotectionofenvironmentandreductioninenergyconsumption.Thishasresultedinthereductionofenergyconsumptionbyalmost15.45%overaperiodoflast10years.Theinitiativeisalsoevidentinthecompany’sgrowthplanwhichaimsatalmostdoublingtheproductioncapacityinthenearfuturefromtheexistinglevelof13.5Mt/a.ImplementationoftateofitleanechnologieslikeCDQ,TRT,andwasteheatrecoveryfromsinterplants,maximizingCDI&CTIinblastfurnaces,augmentationofpollutioncontroldeviceswithmoreefficientequipmentareontheanvil.Thesereaffirmourcommitmentsforcleanandsustainableenvironment.ThispapergivesanoverviewoftheeffortstakenbySAILovertheyearsforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwithspecialemphasisonafewprojectslikebyproductfuelforpowergeneration,useofenergyefficientburners,maximizingtheuseofthyristorsinplaceofmotorgenerators,cokedryquenchin

简介：Toconstructworld-classironandsteelenterprises,Baosteelhasadoptedastrategyofenvironmentalmanagementthatemphasizesenvironmentalprotectioninthelow-carbonandecologicalmanufacturingofsteelproducts.Inrecentyears,Baosteelhasdevelopedaseriesofadvancedgreenrefractorytechnologies(includingcompositerefractoryprecastblockswithauniqueceramicglaze,andhigh-thermal-conductivity/high-densitysilicabrick)foruseinBaosteelcokeovens.Theresultsoftheseapplicationsnotonlyreduceproductioncostsandincreaseproductionefficiency,butalsofacilitatecleanproductionbycokeovens.Baosteel'scokeovenhasbecomeChina'sleadingexampleoftheapplicationofgreenrefractories.

简介：TheSteckelmill,alongestablishedsolutionfortheeconomicalproductionofrelativelysmallvolumesofhotrolledstrip,hasbeenrejuvenatedinrecentyearsbyarangeofnewapplications,boostedbytheneedofimprovingtheenergeticefficiencyoftherollingprocess.ThetraditionaladvantagesoftheSteckelmillintermsofflexibilityandreducedcapitalandoperationalcostsarenowenhancedbytechnologicaldevelopmentsthathavesignificantlyexpandeditsapplicationrangeintothecombinedproductionofstripandplateandimprovedtheproductquality.Theincreasedawarenessofthenecessityofasustainablegrowthinthesteelindustryhasstimulatedthedevelopmentofprocesssolutionswithanimprovedefficiencyintheuseofnaturalresources,lowercarbonemissionsandincreasedyield.ModernSteckelmillsareanadequateresponsetothetrendtowardslowenergystripandplateproduction,inparticularintheirplate-Steckelmillvariant.SiemensVAIhaveplayedakeyroleintheinnovationandtransformationoftheSteckelmillconcept,withanumberofrecentinstallations,presentedinthispaperfromthepointofviewoftheircontributiontothedevelopmentofgreenersteelrollingtechnologies.

简介：TheAODisbyitsverynatureandpurposealargegeneratorofCO2.ThetotalCO2emissionfromtheprocesscanbedividedintotwoparts-thedirectpartwhichisproportionaltothecarbonremovalfromthemetalandtheindirectpartwhichisrelatedtotheconsumptionofadditivessuchasreductionagents,slagformersandalloys.TheproductionoftheadditivestypicallyrequiredforaheatcauseslargeemissionsofCO2,infact,oftenlargerthanwhatisgeneratedfromthedirectpart.Byapplyingareal-timeadaptiveoptimizationoftheoxygentoinertgasratiooversmalltimeincrements,theoverallcarbonremovalefficiencyisincreasedwhiletheconsumptionofreductionagentsandslagformersaredecreased.ThisremovesunnecessaryproductioncostsandminimizesthetotalemissionofCO2.Inthispaperaprocessconceptwithoptimizedgasadministrationoveralargenumberoftimeincrementsiscomparedwithamoretraditionalprocesspractice.TheworkisbasedonindustriallyprovenprocessmodelsintegratedintheUTCASsoftwarepackageforconvertermanagementandcontrol.Finally,thispaperconcludesonhowthesuggestedprocesscanbeappliedinactualplantoperation.

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