简介：一系列线性稳定性分析面对粘性，热传导性和expansivity的空间变化在热传送对流的发作上被执行。我们考虑附加到静电干扰的无穷小的不安的时间的进化(不动)并且在加热basally的平面层的传导性的状态。从在有增加粘性的温度依赖的振幅的流动模式的变化，我们识别了转变进停滞盖(圣)政体，在传送对流在仅仅下面发生的地方一在最高的表面的冷液体厚、停滞盖。详细分析在空间变化在热电导率或expansivity导致的圣政体显示出传送对流房间的方面比率的重要增加：圣传送对流的水平长度规模能被多达50%与深度随热电导率的10次增加扩大。我们进一步开发了成功地复制了在物理性质为给定的空间变化增加圣政体传送对流房间的水平长度规模的机制的圣传送对流的一个分析模型。我们的调查结果可以在披风在传送对流模式上加亮热电导率的空间变化的必要角色。

简介：学习的水属于温暖(T=30-50°C)，碱(pH=8.9-9.3)，低使矿物化(TDS<235mg/l)Na-HCO3或Na这样有高度的热水SiO2(多达81mg/l)满足的4-HCO3和F(多达3.9mg/l)，在东方Sikhote-Alinorogenic带的现代火山构造的恢复区域上发生。低3他集中以及N2/O2和N2/Ar比率排除深披风液体的影响。新稀土元素元素数据抑制我们水岩石相互作用发生在水来源区域的理解。水的大气的起源被从−71‰变化的稳定的同位素价值证明到−136.1‰并且从−10.8‰到−18.8‰为δ2H和δ18O分别地。REE模式反映高pH，从水岩石相互作用的resultfing和氧化条件。用Na-K和石英地温计的深含水土层温度的计算分别地显示出116.8-131.1°C和82.2-125.8°C。深差错的存在两个与反常热坡度(∼45-50K/km)定义Sikhote-Alin的热水的唯一的geochemical形状，区域，在没有现在的暴烈的活动被登记的地方。

简介：1.ObjectiveNaturalgashydratesareconsideredasapotentialalternativefuelresourcetopetroleumandgas(ChongZRetal.,2016),whichcanbeexploitedbymeansofdepressurization,thermalmethod,inhibitorinjection,etc.Forthethermalmethod,gashydratesaredecomposedintowaterandmethanewhenthereservoirisheatedtoabovetheequilibriumtemperatureofgashydrate(LiXetal.,2016).However,thethermalrecoverymethodneedsagreatdealofheat,andthusthefeasibilityofeconomicexploitationisreduced.

简介：作为一个参数，那把岩石的热传播性质描述，热电导率为学习沉积的盆的热政体是不可缺少的，并且检索热电导率的高质量的数据是地热的相关研究的基础。光扫描方法这里被使用从Tarim盆，有在中国的丰富的烃潜力的最大的intermontane盆，和修正为可变的孔的碎屑状的岩石样品被做的水浸透测量745件练习核心样品的热传导性。所有测量的值，在这个区域与以前出版的数据结合了，是综合的讨论控制在盆影响岩石的热传导性的因素的分发特征和专业。我们的结果证明岩石的热电导率的价值通常从1.500～3.000W/m?8

简介：有从32.8～62.5°C的温度的热石灰岩地区常见的地形地下水在太原被发现(太原)城市，山西的首都(山西)省。识别热地下水的起源，下列tracers在这研究被使用：δD，δ18O，4他，3He/4他，和水里的主要化学成分。Hydrochemical和同位素的数据显示在盆区域的热地下水从东方山是从西方山和那些的热水的混合物。而且，4他和4他热地下水样品的exc集中通常是比冷地下水样品的那些低的，并且在温度和4他在从西方山和盆的热地下水的集中，随温度的增加意味着那，他集中在蒸汽阶段增加并且在水的阶段减少。在3He/4他对4He/20所有水的Ne取样：空气，外壳，和披风，所有热地下水样品在在空气和外壳的点之间的线附近被散布，建议那大气、外壳的氦在热地下水是为那的主要来源。换句话说，没有导出披风的液体，在热地下水混合。

简介：在里面很多地球物理或planetological背景包括地球内部核心，从岩浆海洋结晶的一个硅酸盐披风，或包围可能在很多主神并且农神冰冷的satellitesa对流传热遇到的一种深水oceana状况的冰壳水晶的层在与它的melt的层的接触。允许在一个稳固的层的边界或两个融化/结冰是可能的在层影响传送对流的模式。我们这里学习热传送对流的发作在一粘滞球形的壳与动态地导致了它的边界在也或两个都融化/结冰。这被显示出无尺寸的数字P(为每条边界的)的价值上的每interfacepermeable或impermeabledepends的行为，它是融化/结冰的timescale在上的比率一粘滞松驰timescale。P的小价值对应于可渗透的边界条件，当P的大价值对应于透不过的边界条件时。当也边界描绘的数字P是足够小的时，线性稳定性分析预言半渗透的边界的重要效果：允许边界在也融化/结冰允许更大的规模的出现对流模式。当外部边界是可渗透的时，效果是特别地激烈的，自从1个模式仍然是的度甚至在薄球形的壳的情况中最不稳定。在有可渗透的内部、外部的边界的球形的壳的情况中，最不稳定的模式在稳固的壳的一个全球翻译在于，没有变丑。在有可渗透的外部边界的一个完整的范围的限制，这对应于最近为地球内部核心建议的对流翻译模式。作为可能的申请的另一个例子，我们在假定全球表面下的海洋的存在的恩塞勒达斯冰壳讨论热传送对流的盒子，并且发现融化/结冰能在冰壳在传送对流的模式上有重要效果。

简介：Thepetrologicalresearchontheultra-highpressuremetamorphism(UHP)ofcollisionalorogenindicatesthattheupper-crustalrocksissubductedtodepthsexceeding100km,andreturnedtothesurfacerapidly.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatethethermalstructureofcollisionalorogenasaslabofcontinentallithospherebeingsubductedbeneathanoverridingwedgeofcontinentallithospherebythe2-Dfiniteelementmethod.Theadvectionheattransferduetotheaccretionoforogenicwedgeisconsidered.

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简介：Theboundarybetweenlithosphereandasthenosphereessentiallyrepresentsathermalboundary(thesolidus).Temperaturevariationacrossthisboundarycanleadtothechangeoflithospherethickness.Inthecaseofelevatedtemperaturesinalithosphericlayerabove1200℃,partialmeltingwillbeginandtheresultofthatisathinnedlithosphere.Theothermechanismthatcanalsothinlithosphereisextension.

简介：ThethermalhistoryandorganicmattermaturityevolutionofthesourcerocksofboreholesinthePuguanggasfieldwerereconstructed.Anintegratedapproachbasedonvitrinitereflectanceandapatitefissiontrackdatawasusedinthereconstruction.Accordingly,thegeothermalconditionsofgasaccumulationwerediscussedintermsofthegeologicalfeaturesofreservoirsinthenortheasternSichuanBasin.ThestratareachedtheirmaximumburialdepthintheLateCretaceouseraandwerethenupliftedanddenudedcontinuouslytothepresentday.ThegeothermalgradientandheatflowintheLateCretaceouserawereapproximately30.0°C/kmand66mW/m~2,respectively,whichwerebothhigherthanthoseatpresent.ThetectonothermalevolutionfromtheLateCretaceouseratothepresentischaracterizedbydenudationandcoolingprocesseswithanerosionthicknessof~2.7km.InadditiontotheTriassicera,theJurassicerarepresentsanimportanthydrocarbongenerationperiodforbothSilurianandPermiansourcerocks,andtheorganicmattermaturityofthesesourcerocksenteredintoadrygasperiodafteroilgeneration.Thethermalconditionsareadvantageoustotheaccumulationofconventionalandunconventionalgasbecausethehydrocarbongenerationprocessofthesourcerocksoccursaftertheformationofaneffectivereservoircap.Inparticular,thehighgeothermalgradientandincreasingtemperaturebeforethedenudationintheLateCretaceouserafacilitatedthegenerationofhydrocarbons,andthesubsequentcoolingprocessfavoreditsstorage.

简介：Beingasuperlargescaleoredeposit,theJindingLead-ZincMinejnnorthwestYunnanisveryfa-mousandunique,withdistinctionsofgiantrcscrvcs,thickore-bcaringsyStcm,higbgradc(cspecially,theccnlcntofconglomctate)andlimitdistribution.Therearctwomainopinionsonitsmctallogeny:onethinkstheore-bcaringsrrtcmbcingnormalscd

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简介：BasedontheknowinggeochemicalcharacteristicsofwallrockintheMobingolddepositandcompositionoffluidinclusioninore,water-rockexperimentswerecarriedout,importantachievementsareacquiredasfollowing:Goldismainlyderivedfromtheore-bearingwallrock,i,e.,aseriesofepimetamorphicclasticgritstone,sandyslate,andtuffaceousslateintheWuqiangBanxiFormation,WuqiangxiGroup.Inthermalsystemwithmiddle-lowtemperaturechlorinegoldmaybederivedformstablecomplexions,soitisquiteimportantingoldmetallogenicprocess.Sulphurandchlorineperformasthemajornegativeionsthroughoutthegoldactivationandmigrationmovement.Theconcentrationofsulphurandchlorineions,pHvalueandtemperatureareofdecidingsignificanceforgoldactivation,migrationandprecipitation.

简介：AsshaleexploitationisstillinitsinfancyoutsideNorthAmericamuchresearcheffortisbeingchannelledintovariousaspectsofgeochemicalcharacterizationofshalestoidentifythemostprospectivebasins,formationsandmaptheirpetroleumgenerationcapabilitiesacrosslocal,regionalandbasin-widescales.Themeasurementoftotalorganiccarbon,distinguishingandcategorizingthekerogentypesintermsoil-proneversusgas-prone,andusingvitrinitereflectanceandRock-Evaldatatoestimatethermalmaturityarestandardpracticeintheindustryandappliedtosamplesfrommostwellboresdrilled.Itisthetrendsofstableisotopesratios,particularlythoseofcarbon,thewetnessratio(C1/∑(C2+C3)),andcertainchemicalbiomarkersthathaveprovedtobemostinformativeaboutthestatusofshalesasapetroleumsystem.Thesedatamakeitpossibletoidentifyproduction'sweet-spots',discriminateoil-,gas-liquid-andgas-proneshalesfromkerogencompositionsandthermalmaturities.Rolloversandreversalsofethaneandpropanecarbonisotoperatiosareparticularlyindicativeofhighthermalmaturityexposureofanorganic-richshale.Comparisonsofhopane,streraneandterpanebiomarkerswithvitrinitereflectance(Ro)measurementsofthermalmaturityhighlightdiscrepanciessuggestingthatRoisnotalwaysareliableindicatorofthermalmaturity.Majorandtraceelementinorganicgeochemistrydataandratiosprovidesusefulinformationregardingprovenance,paleoenvironments,andstratigraphic-layerdiscrimination.Thisreviewconsidersthedatameasurement,analysisandinterpretationoftechniquesassociatedwithkerogentyping,thermalmaturity,stableandnon-stableisotopicratiosforrocksandgasesderivedfromthem,productionsweet-spotidentification,geochemicalbiomarkersandinorganicchemicalindicators.Italsohighlightsuncertaintiesanddiscrepanciesobservedintheirpracticalapplication,andthenumerousoutstandingquestionsassociatedwiththem.

简介：Thermalmaturationandpetroleumgenerationmodelingofshalesisessentialforsuccessfulexplorationandexploitationofconventionalandunconventionaloilandgasplays.Forbasinwideunconventionalresourceplayssuchmodeling,whenwellcalibratedwithdirectmaturitymeasurementsfromwells,cancharacterizeandlocateproductionsweetspotsforoil,wetgasanddrygas.Thetransformationofkerogentopetroleumisassociatedwithmanychemicalreactions,butmodelstypicallyfocusonfirst-orderreactionswithratesdeterminedbytheArrheniusEquation.AmisconceptionhasbeenperpetuatedformanyyearsthataccuratethermalmaturitymodelingofvitrinitereflectanceusingtheArrheniusEquationandasingleactivationenergy,toderiveatime-temperatureindex(∑TTIARR),asproposedbyWood(1988),isflawed.ThisclaimwasinitiallymadebySweeneyandBurnham(1990)inpromotingtheir'EasyRo'method,andrepeatedbyothers.Thispaperdemonstratesthroughdetailedmulti-dimensionalburialandthermalmodelinganddirectcomparisonofthe∑TTIARRand'EasyRo'methodsthatthisisnotthecase.The∑TTIARRmethodnotonlyprovidesaveryusefulandsensitivematurityindex,itcanreproducethecalculatedvitrinitereflectancevaluesderivedfrommodelsbasedonmultipleactivationenergies(e.g.,'EasyRo').Throughsimpleexpressionsthe∑TTIARRmethodcanalsoprovideoilandgastransformationfactorsthatcanbeflexiblyscaledandcalibratedtomatchtheoil,wetgasanddrygasgenerationwindows.Thisisachievedinamore-computationally-efficient,flexibleandtransparentwaybythe∑TTIARRmethodthanthe'EasyRo'method.Analysisindicatesthatthe'EasyRo'method,usingtwentyactivationenergiesandaconstantfrequencyfactor,generatesreactionratesandtransformationfactorsthatdonotrealisticallymodelobservedkerogenbehaviourandtransformationfactorsovergeologictimescales.