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简介：Landscapeindicesarepopularforthequantificationoflandscapepattern.Butalllandscapeindicesbeingusedsofararescalarquantity,whichmeasurepatternswithoutconsideringsufficientlythepatternsizeandthedirectionalitytogether.Basedonplanarcharacteristicsdefinedinmechanicssuchascentroid,momentofinertia,productofinertia,principalaxesandsoon,vectoranalysistheoryonlandscapepattern(VATLP)isexploredhere.Firstlyweestablishacoordinatesystemofcentroidalprincipalaxes(CSCPA)ofapatchorpatches.Somerelatednewindicesincludingthosedescribingthedirectionofpatterndistribution(patchorientation(PO),vectorialpatchorientation(VPO)),andthoseindicatingtheshapeofpatch'sequivalentellipse(majoraxis(MJA),minoraxis(MIA)andeccentricrate(ER))arededuced.TheselandscapemetricsarethenappliedtothepatternanalysisofSanjiangplainmarsh,thestudyarea.Twotemporalvector-baseddatasetsofthestudyareacomefrominterpretationofremotesensingimagesMSS(1980)andTM(2000).TheapplicationofthetheorycapturessomeshapepropertiesofriparianwetlandinSanjiangplainmarsh.ThedissymmetriealfeatiresofSanjiangplainmarsharoundprincipalaxesduetoagriculturaldevelopmentcouldalsobeexplained.

简介：洪水，干旱，下得很大的冰雹，和在从1949～2012的Xinjiang的低温度事件的数据与散开方法被分析在Xinjiang估计灾难的最普通的类型的风险。学习区域的气象学的灾难的频率和紧张显示出与全球温暖联系的一个增加的趋势，这被证明。在灾难的四种类型之中，超过干旱的概率最大，接着由下得很大的冰雹，低温度和洪水列在后面。而且，小浪方法分析表明自从2000，更大的摆动发生了，它可以与极端气候的变化的出现被联系。频率的空间分发表明Tianshan山的北斜坡是一个多重灾区，Tianshan的南部的斜坡是更多的洪水和下得很大的冰雹发生的区域，并且Turpan-Hami盆的西方是区域风是流行的。在影响灾难的区域和相应气象学、社会经济的索引之间的关系也被分析。它显示除了谷物面积，在影响的区域和最气象学、社会经济的指示物之间有重要积极关联。

简介：AsoneofthefewecologicalwetlandsinNorthChina,Baiyangdianbearsmultipleimportantecologicalfunctions,including①adjustingtheecologicalbalanceofNorthChina;②safeguardingthedownstreamareas,especiallyTianjinCity,theBeijing-ShanghaiRailwayandHuabeiOilField;③servingasthereservoirfortheNorth-to-SouthWaterDiversionProjectandtheemergentuseofwaterforBeijing;④conservingbiodiversity.Wetlandecotourismisascientificandwiseusepatternforwetlandresources,throughwhich,asourceoffinancingisprovidedforwetlandconservation,economicalternativesaregeneratedforlocalpeopletoreduceoverexploitationonwetlandresourcesandthepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionisenhanced.Sincewetlandecotourismcanbenefittheco-existencebetweenhumanandnatureandpromotesocialequitybetweenpeople,itenjoysbroadpromiseforpopularizationandimplementation.Theproactivecooperationandsoundinteractionbetweenmainstakeholders,andthewideparticipationofthecommunityresidents,willguaranteethesustainabledevelopmentofwetlandecotourism.BasedontheanalysisofcurrentstatusofparticipationandinteractiverelationshipsofthemainstakeholdersinBaiyangdiantourism,thisarticlemadeanattempttoapplythetheoryofparticipatorydevelopmenttotheecotourisminitiativesofBaiyangdianwetland,discussedandbroughtforwardthecountermeasurestoimprovecommunityparticipationinwetlandecotourismundertheguidanceofthistheory.